二维超声阵列换能器声束控制技术的仿真研究

超声波束特性直接影响超声图像的清晰度和对比度。二维超声换能器阵列结构岛数字声束控制技术相结合,是现代超声成像系统发展的重要方向。以二维平面矩形超声换能器阵列和二维圆环超声换能器阵列为对象,利甩仿真实验分别测试幕声束聚焦、声束激励、幅度变迹等技术对声束的控制性能。结果表明,灵活的声束控制技术组合可似有效提高二维超声换能器阵列的声束性能,突出声束主瓣,降低旁瓣与栅瓣的影响。     

圆环形Fresnel的声束聚焦特性

利用圆环形Fresnel阵列超声换能器可以实现声束聚焦B扫描成像。分析了圆环形Fresnel阵列产生的声场特性,包括轴上,焦平面上和全空间的聚焦声场分布,随频率变化的聚焦扫描特性,横向及纵向分辨率等。由研制压电陶瓷环形Fresnel阵列换能器进行了实验研究,其结果与理论是符合的,最后还进行了成像的初步实验。     

圆环形Fresnel阵的声束聚焦特性

利用圆环形Fresnel阵列超声换能器可以实现声束聚焦B扫描成像.分析了圆环形Fresnel阵列产生的声场特性,包括轴上,焦平面上和全空间的聚焦声场分布,随频率变化的聚焦扫描特性,横向及纵向分辨率等.由研制压电陶瓷环形Fresnel阵列换能器进行了实验研究,其结果与理论是符合的,最后还进行了成像的初步实验.     

超声相控阵探头声场优化设计仿真

超声相控阵技术是近年来无损检测领域的研究热点.通过对超声阵列换能器中各个阵元施加独立的相位控制,可实现声束的偏转和聚焦.它可以灵活地采用多种扫描方式进行检测,检测速度快,灵敏度、分辨力与信噪比高,能检测形状复杂的物体.在相控阵超声成像检测中,要获得分辨率高的声聚焦和清晰的图像,声场的好坏是关键,而声场主要取决于阵列换能器的设计,因此阵列换能器在相控阵超声成像检测中是至关重要的.文中以线性阵列探头为研究对象,通过改变探头的参数进行仿真分析,提出优化阵列的设计方法.     

基于开孔球面高强度聚焦超声阵列的相控精度设计

研究了超声换能器阵列驱动信号的相位调控精度对阵列聚焦声场的影响.基于开孔球面高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)阵列,提出了一种阵列驱动信号的5位量化精度相控方案,解决了相控HIFU治疗系统中驱动信号相位的非连续性调控问题.仿真结果表明,此种相控方案既使阵列声场保持了高声强的聚焦点,又维持了原有的栅瓣抑制能力,从而为相控HIFU阵列驱动系统的设计提供了可靠依据.     

医用超声阵列换能器波束容差分析与变迹处理

用指向性函数研究了医用超扬阵列换能器在具有幅度误差、相位误差及阵元失效情况下的波束特性,提出并应用幅度加权变迹处理、相位变迹处理和孔径变迹处理方法来改善阵列换能器的波束指向性。计算结果表明：相位误差和高斯分布幅度误差使瓣增大、栅瓣增多、波束特性变差,它们对声场特性的影响由误差的大小及分布情况共同决定。幅度加权变迹处理和孔径变迹处理都可以有效地抑制旁瓣,改变指向性;一个恒定孔径发射,可变孔径接收超声     

卷积-脉冲响应法在线性相控阵中的应用

运用卷积-脉冲响应法来模拟线性相控阵换能器的近场声场,并分别计算了阵的声束纯聚焦和偏转聚焦时的脉冲响应,以及峰值声压的轴向包络线.分析结果表明,该方法可以作为对近场声场进行分析的有效工具.     

利用角谱方法分析超声换换能器声场

叙述了角谱的基概念和利用角谱方法分析超声换能器声场的基本原理和具体实现，对平面活塞换能器和聚焦换能器在均匀媒体中的声场应用ＡＳＭ进行了计算。利用一磁精密三维扫描系统和针状水听器对 换能器的声场进行了实验测量，实验值与ＡＳＭ计算的结果吻合得较好。     

基于阵列指向性分析的超声阵列设计

本文重点做了圆形阵列和矩形阵列的指向性分析,给出了阵列排列依据。分析了阵列换能器各参数对换能器声场的影响。分析了如何设置阵列的参数,在满足使用要求的前提下,实现最高性价比。     

换能器阵列型超声抛光机理及声场仿真和实验研究

为了提高工件表面抛光质量和抛光效率,对传统非接触式超声振动抛光进行了改进,将单个换能器换成换能器阵列,同时加入料筐的旋转运动,设计了实验样机。分析了超声抛光的材料去除机理,推导出单颗磨粒去除材料体积和磨粒振动速度的表达式。利用COMSOL对样机抛光槽内液体进行声场仿真,研究了换能器个数、换能器布置间距、换能器输入电压对抛光液声场分布的影响,优化了抛光槽底部换能器的布置方式,仿真结果显示,换能器个数为4个、布置间距为55mm时,抛光槽中心区域声压分布更加均匀。实验探究了样机料筐转速、抛光时间、换能器输入电压对工件表面抛光质量的影响规律,确定了工件表面抛光效果最佳时的工艺参数组合,结果表明:料筐转速为50r/min、抛光时间为80min、换能器输入电压为150V时,抛光效果最好,此时工件表面粗糙度减小量为0.019μm,表面粗糙度变化率为33.33%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to