构木、杨木混合漂白化学机械浆制浆的特性及废液性质

采用构木与杨木为原料进行漂白化学机械浆(BCMP)制浆.分析了不同构木替代比例下,所得浆料、溶解与胶体物质(DCS)水样的性能变化.结果表明,随着构木替代比例的提高,所得浆料的松厚度、白度有所下降,但抗张强度上升;浆料纤维的重均长度与重均宽度均减小,而纤维粗度增大;DCS水样的固含量、电导率、阳离子需求量、COD也有所上升.所得浆料可适于抄造对白度和松厚度要求不太高的纸种.     

杨木P-RCAPMP工艺中MgO部分替代NaOH对溶解与胶体物质的影响

杨木P-RC APMP制浆过程中,在高浓停留段采用MgO部分替代NaOH作为碱源,并研究其对溶解与胶体物质(DCS)的影响.结果表明,随着制浆过程中MgO取代量的增加,DCS和溶解物质(DS)水样的pH、质量浓度、电导率和阳离子需求量均呈下降趋势.DCS中电导率和阳离子需求量主要由DS提供.MgO取代量的增加在提高浆张松厚度及光散射系数的同时也会引起其强度性能的部分降低.     

碱脲体系对麦草APMP成纸强度的影响研究

将麦草碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)于氢氧化钠-硫脲溶液中处理以求提高其成纸强度,并利用纤维质量分析仪、FT-IR、XRD和SEM检测处理前后纤维微观形态及官能团的变化情况。结果表明,在用碱量6%、纤维质量分数15%、冷冻时间50min的条件下,该溶液体系对麦草APMP的成纸强度增加效果显著,和未处理APMP相比,处理后APMP成纸强度提高近60%。同时处理前后纤维的红外光谱图、X射线衍射谱图和扫描电镜图片均变化不显著,但处理后APMP纤维表面出现轻微破损及细小纤维含量提高。     

阳离子壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其在中性施胶中的应用

由水溶性壳聚糖与不同物质的量之比的丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵的混合溶液接枝共聚合成了阳离子壳聚糖.使用阳离子壳聚糖乳化AKD,用制备的AKD乳液分别对针叶木浆、阔叶木浆以及混合浆进行中性施胶,测定所得纸张的施胶度.施胶剂的用量占绝干浆的0.2%、0.3%和0.4%.通过研究施胶度的不同变化趋势,分析单体物质的量之比、熟化时间、浆种以及施胶量对施胶度的影响.研究表明,由改性的阳离子壳聚糖衍生物制备的AKD乳液能使纸张获得良好的施胶度,熟化时间比较短.阳离子壳聚糖衍生物可作为一种环保材料用于对纸张施胶.     

纤维细胞充填技术在机械浆中的应用

分析了浆浓、转速、CO2气体压力、反应时间对机械浆纤维细胞充填效果的影响。比较了漂白化学热磨机械浆(BCTMP)和杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)的纤维细胞充填效果。结果表明：转速是影响机械浆纤维细胞充填效果的关键因素。纤维细胞充填技术应用于机械浆是可行的,与直接加填相比,当BCTMP成纸内聚力提高1786%、裂断长提高42.86%、耐破度提高42%时,灰分同时提高2.05%;当APMP成纸内聚力分别提高21.31%、6.56%和1.64%,裂断长分别提高69.18%、77.40%和7534%,耐破度分别提高18.18%、22.73%和25%时,灰分分别提高9.62%、10.58%和1.68%。APMP的纤维细胞充填效果较BCTMP的效果更好。     

已筛选与未筛选麦草浆漂白性能的比较

以麦草氧碱浆为对象进行QPo漂白和OQPo漂白,比较了筛前浆与筛后浆的QPo漂白及OQPo漂白效果,分析了终漂浆的纤维特性及漂白废水的污染负荷.结果表明:筛前浆和筛后浆的OQPo漂白终漂浆的白度优于QPo漂白终漂浆,但OQPo漂白浆的黏度损失比QPo漂白浆大,得率低于QPo漂白浆;筛前浆的白度增值率和总浆得率都明显高于筛后浆,总浆得率最多比筛后浆高10.6个百分点,白度增值率最多比筛后浆高4.9个百分点;筛前浆与筛后浆终漂浆的重均纤维长度都在0.78mm左右,筛后浆的纤维粗度大于筛前浆;OQPo漂白废水从根本上消除了可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的产生,其BOD5和COD远远低于传统的CEH漂白.     

木素含量和纤维回用次数对漆酶改善纸浆强度的影响

取未漂和漂白硫酸盐浆进行浆料复配和纤维回用实验,考察木素含量和纤维回用次数对漆酶处理改善纸浆性能的影响.漆酶处理后复配浆的强度性能提高,尤其湿强度提高明显,随着漂白浆比例的增加,浆中木素含量减少,经漆酶处理后纸浆强度增幅逐渐降低.漆酶处理后未漂浆的湿抗张指数提高33.45%,当漂白浆含量为40%时湿强的增幅减小为2.72%,说明适宜的木素含量是漆酶催化提高纸浆强度的必要条件.回用浆经漆酶处理后纤维性能得到改善,但随着纤维回用次数的增加,漆酶增强幅度呈降低趋势.纤维性能测试结果表明纤维回用过程中纤维长度和宽度降低,针叶木细小纤维含量略有减少,阔叶木细小纤维含量变化与此相反,漆酶处理后纤维性能无明显变化.扫描电镜检测说明漆酶处理后纸浆纤维间产生"黏合"现象.     

阴离子分散松香胶施胶过程中湿部化学的探讨

对阴离子分散松香施胶过程中的湿部化学进行了初步的探讨。研究结果表明 :①正向施胶的效果优于逆向施胶 ;②阳离子淀粉、硫酸铝以及酰胺类聚合物助留剂的用量对施胶效果有着重要的影响 ,随着用量的增加 ,施胶效果呈现先上升然后下降的趋势 ,在淀粉用量为 1 %、硫酸铝用量为 6 %、助留剂用量为 1 5‰时 ,施胶效果最佳 ;③硫酸铝用量在 8%时 ,细小纤维留着率最高 (78% ) ,此时浆料的Zeta电位为 - 3 2mV。     

利用功能化细小纤维改善高得率浆纤维的结合性能

采用功能化细小纤维改善高得率浆长纤维级分的结合性能,全面评价了高得率浆长纤维级分手抄片的抗张强度、松厚度和光散射系数.实验结果表明:经阳离子助剂功能化的细小纤维在有效提高高得率浆长纤维手抄纸页的结合性能的同时,可保持其较好的松厚度,且在一定用量范围内其具有良好的协同作用;当细小纤维用量为10%,、CPAM用量为0.7%,(相对于绝干浆)时,其所配制的功能化细小纤维的协同作用效果最佳.     

阳离子脂肪酰胺类造纸施胶剂的制备

烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)和烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)在水中容易发生水解,水解产物在白水中形成阴离子垃圾,且AKD存在施胶度滞后,而ASA需现场乳化。硬脂酰胺乙基环氧丙基氯化铵(SEAC)是一种无施胶滞后且无水解现象的阳离子施胶剂,其首先由二乙烯三胺与硬脂酸脱水缩合形成硬脂酰胺,再经环氧氯丙烷阳离子化制备得到。实验针对原料比和反应动力学参数等进行研究,并通过红外图谱以及固体核磁等方法验证产物的结构。结果表明:当硬脂酸与二乙烯三胺的比例为1.5:1时,反应最高温度控制在160 ℃反应3.5 h得到的硬脂酰胺熔点低于105 ℃,在控制阳离子化的温度为70 ℃下反应2.5 h后,产物的熔点降至70 ℃,且施胶效果最佳。通过红外以及固体核磁共振对SEAC的结构研究及其与AKD应用对比实验,表明SEAC是一种能够克服AKD缺点的潜力广阔的中性造纸施胶剂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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