大蒜(Allium Sativum L.)对钉螺酯酶同工酶作用的初步研究

为研究在浓度0．05％大蒜叶水浸液作用下,钉螺的酯酶同工酶谱特征及其变化情况,对采自武汉汉阳的钉螺进行去壳、匀浆,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶对匀浆物电泳,进行酯酶同工酶（EST）染色．EST共分离出6～9条酶带,6d中相似的酶带有6条,处理不同天数的相应酶带,宽度及染色深浅出现变化,酶带数也出现增减．大蒜水浸液对钉螺的酯酶同工酶有明显影响,开始2天,因受刺激,酶活性（比较对照）增强,随着处理时间延长,酶活侄变弱．     

蛇床子总香豆素的杀螺活性研究

研究蛇床子总香豆素的杀螺效果,及对钉螺酯酶同工酶以及糖原的影响,以探究其杀螺机理.用不同浓度(1.25、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00、40.00mg/L)蛇床子总香豆素处理液处理钉螺,发现10mg/L以上浓度处理3~4d可100%杀死钉螺,且处理液浓度和处理时间与钉螺的死亡率显著的正相关.用浸杀48h的LC50浓度(4.64mg/L)蛇床子总香豆素药液浸泡钉螺,于浸泡后24、48、72、96h挑选活螺,检测钉螺酯酶同工酶活性及软体组织糖原的变化情况.结果表明:浸泡的96h内,钉螺酯酶活性先升高,后降低,最后几乎完全丧失;体内糖原含量则随浸泡时间的延长而降低,浸泡96h后糖原含量下降30.06%.     

樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)对钉螺过氧化物酶影响的研究

分别用新鲜樟树的根皮、茎皮、叶的水浸液处理钉螺，结果表明：樟树各部分的水浸液均有很好的灭螺效果；灭螺效果的顺序依次为：根皮、茎皮、叶；樟树各部水浸液对钉螺的过氧化物酶有明显影响，经处理1—3天样品的酶活高于对照组，处理4天的酶活最强，而处理5天的酶活则大大减弱。在这一处理过程中，有时出现新的酶带，有时又有酶带消失。     

TS制剂对桑树萎缩病的防治机理

用植物病毒防治剂（ＴｈｅＶｉｒｏｃｉｄｅｆｏｒＰｌａｎｔ）—ＴＳ制剂喷洒感病桑树植株后,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对叶片多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶进行同功酶比较,发现处理株多酚氧化酶的酶带数和对照株相同,均为４条,但酶带位置、强弱有差异;处理株过氧化物酶有４条基本酶带,而对照株有３条酶带,处理株出现一条新酶带．处理株多酚氧化酶活性感病后期比感病初期提高１．６倍,对照株酶活性提高１倍,而过氧化物酶活性感病后期比感病初期下降６０％,而对照株酶活性下降８０％．用紫外分光光度计测蛋白质含量,处理组为０．３ｇ／Ｌ,对照组为０．３８ｇ／Ｌ,表明经ＴＳ制剂处理比对照桑萎缩病的病株蛋白质含量降低．     

枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)水浸液对钉螺酯酶同工酶的影响

用同工酶电泳技术检测了枫杨水浸液处理钉螺时对钉螺酯酯同工酶的影响。结果表明：枫杨叶水浸液处理使钉螺酯酶带由第１ｄ１９条减至第６ｄ１０条,活性也随之降低,酶 区,与清水对照,酶带数显著减少,且变化也在正极区,氯硝柳胺溶液处理的钉螺也呈现出类似结果,实验证实：一定质量的枫杨以水为毁介对钉螺可以产生与化学药物（氯硝柳胺溶液）相近的杀灭作用。     

益母草碱灭螺活性研究

研究益母草碱灭杀钉螺的效果,以及对钉螺糖原和总蛋白的影响.对48、72、96、120 h浸杀的试验数据进行概率单位回归分析,计算得其LC50分别为537.303、151.508、73.106、53.990 mg/L.用LC50=151.508 mg/L浓度的益母草碱浸杀钉螺,处理120 h的钉螺软体的糖原含量呈现增高—降低的趋势.浸泡120 h,较之对照组,糖原含量下降了76.08%.总蛋白含量呈降低—增高—降低趋势,增高的原因可能与钉螺经益母草碱处理后体内产生大量特定蛋白质来克服这种胁迫逆境有关.     

樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）植物对钉螺的化感作用研究

血吸虫病是严重危害人民身体健康的疾病。钉螺是血吸虫的唯一中间寄主,是血吸虫生活周期中最脆弱环节,灭螺能有效控制血吸虫病,保护湿地和水资源。本文分别用新鲜樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)的根皮、茎皮、叶的1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%4个不同浓度梯度的水浸液处理钉螺,设清水和1ppm浓度的氯硝柳胺溶液为对照,结果表明:(1)樟树各部分的水浸液均有很好的灭螺效果,用不同浓度的水浸液处理钉螺,在不同时间的处理下,钉螺死亡率存在差异,其钉螺死亡率是随处理浓度的增加和时间的延长呈上升趋势,0.5%￣1.0%以上的樟树根皮、茎皮、叶水浸液均可达到100%的明显毒杀钉螺致死效果,与1ppm氯硝柳胺溶液的灭螺效果相当;灭螺效果顺序依次为:根皮>茎皮>叶。(2)采用聚丙稀酰胺电泳技术分离经0.5%樟树新鲜叶水浸液处理不同天数的钉螺样品的过氧化物酶同工酶,经处理1～2天样品的酶活高于对照组,处理3-4天的酶活最强,而处理5天样品的酶活则大大减弱。在这一处理过程中,有时出现新的酶带,有时又有酶带消失。(3)还在微观领域探究其化感作用导致钉螺的形态病理变化等方面所表现出的杀伤钉螺的机理。由此获得强他感作用植物樟树灭螺的化学生态学证据,为研制新的具中国特色的植物成份灭螺剂打下了基础,并为合成仿生灭螺剂以及最终构建生态工程中强他感作用植物群落灭螺提供理论依据。     

高浓度CO2气调对药材甲羧酸酯酶活性的影响

用高浓度CO2气体胁迫处理药材甲Stegobium paniceum（L．）成虫及离体羧酸酯酶,通过终点法测定酶活性及其动力学参数变化,分析气调胁迫对羧酸酯酶性质的影响．结果显示,处理6,9,12h,羧酸醋酶比活力分别为0．412mmol／（mg·min）、0．439mmol／（mg·min）、0．418mmol／（mg·min）,与对照0．358mmol／（mg·min）相比,分别升高了14．96％,22．58％,16．69％,差异均达到显著水平．处理时间延长至15h,比活力降低了2．73％．羧酸醋酶酶液经持续通人高浓度CO2于37℃水液中离体处理10min,比活力显著降低．离体处理亦导致羧酸酯酶动力学参数发生相应变化．     

Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)对罗氏沼虾鳃中SOD同工酶的影响

采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,研究了水环境中添加0．01mg／L,0．08mg／L,0．64mg／L,5．12mg／L的Cu^2＋,Zn^2＋对罗氏沼虾鳃中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶活力和酶谱的影响．结果显示：随着Cu^2＋,Zn^2＋浓度的增加鳃中SOD酶活力均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,分别在0．64mg／L Cu^2＋和0．08mg／L Zn^2＋时SOD酶活力达到最大（73．57±0．12U／mg和53．63±0．17U／mg）,且均与对照组有显著差异（P〈0．05）;低浓度Cu^2＋处理组SOD同工酶酶谱出现SOD酶带变宽、颜色加深现象,并在O．08mg／L和0．64mg／L浓度组中新增一条酶带（SOD2）,而高浓度组（5．12mg／L）明显抑制SOD酶带活性,新增的条带也缺失;同样低浓度的Zn^2＋使得SOD酶谱的条带变宽,颜色加深,但没有出现新增酶带,而高浓度（5．12mg／L）Zn^2＋使得条带变窄,颜色变淡．结果表明：这两种金属离子对罗氏沼虾鳃中SOD同工酶活力及酶谱的影响与浓度有关,Cu^2＋对SOD的影响明显大于Zn^2＋,SOD同工酶活力和酶谱的变化可以灵敏地反映Cu^2＋的胁迫程度和毒性．     

利用温敏性凝胶的缓释作用促进变性溶菌酶复性

为了开发温敏凝胶在蛋白质复性方面的方法，利用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺温敏凝胶具有的缓释作用，对变性蛋白质进行了复性．考察不同合成条件下凝胶的性能，结果表明，在制胶温度为22℃、凝胶单体浓度为10％、交联度为5％制得的凝胶，具有较好的机械强度、较大的溶胀倍率、缩水倍率及良好的温敏性能．凝胶的缓释作用对变性还原溶茵酶辅助复性的影响表明，在复性酶终浓度为0．5mg／mL时，凝胶辅助蛋白质的复性收率可达68％，比直接稀释复性（收率为57％）高19％．特别是对高浓度蛋白质的复性（1．5mg／mL），凝胶辅助复性也获得了很好的效果，复性收率高出直接稀释复性37％，表现出温敏凝胶在实际蛋白质复性中的应用前景．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.