基于激光诱导离解光谱的土壤重金属监测定量化方法研究

由于激光诱导离解光谱技术（LIBS）具有快速、实时、可在线分析多种物质元素等诸多优点,使其在同类元素探测方法中显示出巨大的潜力和优越性,但LIBS定量化问题仍然是目前LIBS发展中的难点问题。基于LIBS的方法通过对土壤中重金属进行实时监测并对实验数据进行分析,旨在探讨激光诱导离解光谱技术的定量化反演方法应用,为其今后在各领域中的定量化应用提供一定的理论依据。     

LIBS检测大宗物流重金属含量的系统设想与实验研究

创新性地提出利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对大宗物流中重金属危险品元素的含量进行检测的系统设计设想,通过查新进行了探索性设计和前期实验室阶段的研究实验,归纳了利用LIBS定量检测大宗物流中重金属元素含量的实验方法,并通过对双脉冲及飞秒脉冲等新技术的应用选项实验明确了处理大宗物流中重金属危险品元素含量的路径,对今后的商用仪器研究方向提出了建议。随着LIBS技术的进一步完善,LIBS系统可能成为大宗物流重金属污染和危险品现场检测的有力工具。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱和定标曲线的土壤重金属元素浓度预测

土壤重金属污染一直被认为是当今世界面临的主要环境问题之一.提出基于激光诱导击穿光谱和定标曲线的土壤重金属元素浓度预测方法.制备9种含不同成分浓度梯度的重金属元素的土壤样品.实验结果表明:该方法浓度预测的准确度较高;样品的浓度是影响预测准确度的关键因素.利用LIBS技术检测土壤重金属含量,能为土壤修复提供更加准确有效的数据,且节约时间及降低成本.     

CuSO4水溶液中Cu元素的激光诱导击穿光谱研究

通过单脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS),测定了CuSO4水溶液中微量重金属元素Cu的LIBS光谱.研究Cu原子LIBS光谱信号的时间演化特性,激光功率密度对LIBS光谱信号的影响,测定Cu元素浓度在31.25ppm到1000ppm区域内变化时324.75nm谱线的强度,由定标曲线拟合结果得到铜元素的检测限为23ppm.     

AlCl3水溶液的激光诱导击穿光谱特性研究

利用自建的液相射流单脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验装置,系统地研究了激光能量、ICCD探测延时和ICCD门宽等实验参数对AlCl_3水溶液LIBS特性的影响,确定了将LIBS用于AlCl_3水溶液中Al元素定量分析时的最佳实验条件.     

以液体喷流方式利用LIBS定量分析水溶液中的Cr元素

为了提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术用于水溶液中痕量重金属检测的稳定性和灵敏度,采用液体喷流的方式,利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对不同浓度的Cr溶液进行了检测和分析.通过对实验系统的激光能量、探测延时等的优化,以Cr元素的425.43 nm谱线作为分析线,得到水溶液中的Cr元素的检测限(LOD)为1.26ppm.这一结果比Nilesh K.Rai等人(参见文献1)的检测灵敏度提高了近24倍.     

样品形态对激光诱导土壤等离子体特性的影响分析

将激光诱导击穿光谱技术应用到土壤检测中,分析了土壤样品形态对激光诱导等离子体特性的影响.采用波长1 064 nm的Nd-YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,在实验室大气环境下对粉状和片状2种形态土壤样本诱导产生激光等离子体,测量并分析了样品形态和粒径大小对元素特征谱线强度、等离子体温度和电子密度的影响.实验研究表明,相同实验条件下,粉状土样的激光等离子体温度和电子密度均高于片状土样,但片状土样的元素特征谱线强度更大,且受土壤粒径大小的影响较小,适用于土壤重金属元素的LIBS分析检测.     

激光感生击穿光谱技术在燃烧诊断中的应用

简述了激光感生击穿光谱(LIBS)技术的研究基础,包括实验台架、光谱定性定量分析方法,详细介绍了所进行的LIBS技术在燃烧诊断中的应用研究工作,利用LIBS技术对飞灰中的碳含量和燃煤特性及成分进行了分析.结果表明,采用LIBS测得的飞灰含碳量与传统的重量燃烧法测得的飞灰含碳量结果吻合较好;煤化程度不同的煤呈现出不同的等离子体时间谱,在相同实验条件下,煤化程度越高的煤种其等离子体温度越高;利用LIBS技术测得的燃煤成分含量与传统测量方法得到的结果吻合亦较好.该研究证实了激光感生击穿光谱技术在燃烧诊断中应用的可行性,为后续的燃烧诊断研究和试验工作奠定了基础.     

无自吸收效应的光学薄激光诱导击穿光谱研究与性能评估

针对影响激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)定量分析精度的自吸收效应,发展了新型的光学薄激光诱导击穿光谱(OT-LIBS)技术,通过匹配等离子体光谱中元素双线强度比与理论值来设置曝光延时,从而直接由实验装置获得无自吸收的元素发射谱线,不仅避免了建模校正的误差,且未额外增加设备.通过对比Boltzmann平面的线性相关度以及自吸收(SA)系数,验证了OT-LIBS能够诱导产生光学薄等离子体.与传统的自吸收效应校正方法相比,OT-LIBS所获Boltzmann平面的线性相关度达到0.99,而且SA系数达到最大值,证明自吸收效应最小.单变量定标的定量分析结果表明,相比于传统LIBS,OT-LIBS将Al元素定标线的线性相关度由0.86提高至0.98,平均绝对测量误差由1.2%降低至0.13%,检测精度提高了一个量级.探讨了OT-LIBS的边界条件、适用性和局限性,该技术对Al元素含量和脉冲激光能量的限定范围分别为0–20.8%和大于16.9?mJ,对Al元素含量和脉冲激光能量的可适用范围分别为0–15.9%和大于33.1?mJ.本技术有助于进一步推动LIBS的工业化应用步伐.     

藏药七十味珍珠丸的激光诱导击穿光谱检测

采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对藏药七十味珍珠丸进行了定性研究.利用高能量Nd:YAG脉冲激光器1 064 nm光束聚焦待测样品表面产生等离子体,并用光谱仪和ICCD来探测其光谱信号.通过采集的光谱图分析得到该藏药中含有Mg、Ca、Na、Fe、Al、Si、K、Li、Hg、Pb、Au等10种元素,其中Hg、Pb、Au为重金属元素.另外,还对不同价态的Pb元素进行了LIBS的时间演化研究,结果表明:应用LIBS技术可以探测藏药所含元素的价态.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.