煤有机质在化学脱灰过程中的变化

碱－酸处理可以脱除煤中矿物质，虽然在较低温度下采用ＮａＯＨ－ＨＣｌ水溶液处理不会破坏煤的主体结构，但红外光谱中羟基吸收峰的增加表明部分弱的醚键发生了水解。碱－酸处理前后煤的溶剂抽提率基本不变，但溶胀率增加以及热失重减小等现象表明煤中主价键未发生断裂但煤分子间作用力却发生了变化。     

温和条件下碱／ 酸法脱除煤中矿物质的研究

采用浓碱－稀酸法（10％NaOH,124度，10Hcl酸洗）及稀碱－烯酸法（10％NaOH,170度，压力≤0.8MPa,10%HCl酸洗，脱除萍乡煤和阳泉煤中的矿物质，其脱除率分别可达81．0％及90．0％，考察了碱浓度，处理温度及反应时间对脱除率的影响，通过X射线衍射和电子能谱分析探讨了矿物质脱除机理，结果表明，酸不溶性矿物质中高岭石，伊利石较容易脱除，石英，黄铁矿较难脱除。     

微波与氢氧化钠共处理脱除煤中有机硫的研究

以山西新峪煤为研究对象,考察了微波功率、微波辐照时间、NaOH质量分数以及液固质量比等参数对煤中有机硫脱除效果的影响,并对微波处理前后煤样的表面官能团和不同形态硫的含量进行了表征。结果表明,微波与NaOH共处理与两者分别单独处理相比,对煤中有机硫有更明显的脱硫作用,较优的共处理脱硫条件为:微波功率385 W,微波辐照30min,NaOH质量分数10%以及液固质量比10∶1,此时脱硫率高达62.66%。微波处理后煤样中不同形态硫的衍射峰强度明显减弱,与此同时煤中脂肪结构的衍射峰强度也有所减弱。煤中不同形态硫通过微波脱除由易到难的顺序为:硫醇和硫醚,砜类,亚砜,噻吩。在上述较优的工艺条件下新峪煤中硫醇和硫醚的脱除率可达89.87%,砜类的脱除率为79.74%,亚砜类脱除率为44.30%,而噻吩类的脱除率仅为14.07%。微波辐照脱除煤中的有机硫的作用机制主要是通过热效应促进NaOH与煤中的有机硫化物发生反应,同时也能促进煤中键能较小的C—S键直接发生断裂。     

超临界醇萃取脱煤中有机硫

分别在半连续和间歇式反应器中对酸处理后的煤样进行超临界醇萃取脱硫的研究。半连续反应器中的结果表明：随反应温度的升高，有机硫的脱除率和煤失重均增加；从精煤回收角度考虑，应采取较低反应温度和较长萃取时间的方法；在醇中添加适量水对有机硫的脱除有利。间歇式反应器中的结果表明：乙醇的脱硫效果优于甲醇；用酸处理后有机硫煤样的脱硫率高于原煤中有机硫的脱除率；在超临界醇萃取过程中加入ＫＯＨ可极显著地强化脱硫过程。     

煤中有机硫的化学性质和结构

选用兖州和东林矿区的高硫煤（Sa，d4%～5%)，先脱除无机硫，然后在不同条件下对其进行了水确、氯化、还原和甲醇超临界抽提处理，考察了煤中有机硫的变化。发现在350℃反应1h，可脱除40%～50%的有机硫，根据煤的红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱图推测，前者主要为硫醚和硫醇硫；后者主要为噻吩硫。     

高硫强粘结性煤与生物质共热解脱硫脱氮的研究

用回转炉作为高硫强粘结性煤与生物质共热解的反应器,分析了热妥过程中煤与生物质的相互作用机理,研究了热解温度、生物质汪厍量和煤粒度对无机硫脱除率、有机硫脱除率和氮脱除率的影响,结果表明,随着热解温度升高、煤化度降低、生物质添加量增大、煤粒度减小,脱硫脱氮率提高。     

沈阳红阳三矿煤中硫的赋存状态

分析了沈阳红阳三矿煤中各种硫分、灰分和不同密度级的全硫,并研究了硫分与粒度、硫分与密度、硫分与灰分及硫分布率与密度等的关系·指出无机硫占煤中全硫质量分数的7739%,是该煤中硫的主要形态;煤中硫的分布是均匀的,不随粒度、密度、灰分的变化而变化;煤样中黄铁矿呈细小颗粒浸染于煤有机质中,用常规方法脱除比较困难;有机硫的质量分数约为20%,且目前还没有很好的脱除方法,故暂不考虑其脱除问题·     

影响煤热解脱硫效果的一些关键因素研究

燃烧或加工前脱除煤中的硫是一个长久以来的探索目标,然而至今没有经济有效的生产工艺可以脱除煤中所有的硫。热解不但能脱除煤中的无机硫,而且能脱除大部分的有机硫。热解后硫含量较低,且大部分是非污染性的不可燃硫,在燃烧过程中残留在灰中,不产生污染,是一种洁净燃料。因此,煤的热解作为一种有效和廉价的燃前脱硫预处理工艺越来越受到研究者的重视。     

燃煤微生物预处理浮选脱硫的试验研究

研究了煤样中黄铁矿硫的赋存状态以及影响生物预处理浮选脱除煤中硫的几个因素,如不同的煤粒度、不同驯化菌种及不同的细菌组成等,指出煤样中黄铁矿硫的赋存状态适合用微生物预处理浮选脱硫的方法脱除,微生物预处理浮选脱硫是一种有效的洁净煤技术,全硫脱除率可达到42%·同时指出煤驯化接种二次的菌液脱硫效果要比用9k培养基培养的菌液和用煤驯化接种一次的效果要好,但是差别不是太大;细菌的分泌物和细菌细胞在浮选脱硫中是共同起作用的·     

超声辅助脱除煤中的有机硫

为了研究超声辅助过氧化氢-乙酸氧化脱除煤中有机硫的机理,选取4种脱灰煤和6种含硫模型化合物作为研究对象,探讨反应温度、反应时间和超声功率对有机硫的脱除影响;采用X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等手段,对脱硫处理前、后的样品进行表征.结果表明:超声辅助过氧化氢-乙酸脱硫时,有机硫化物硫的含量越高,脱硫...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.