直接变频超宽带接收机中的低压折叠开关混频器

提出了一种新型的应用于直接变频超宽带接收机中的低压折叠开关混频器.给出了混频器电路拓扑结构,输入宽带匹配网络采用并联电阻的形式,跨导级采用电流复用技术的CMOS反相器,跨导级和开关级通过电容交流耦合,用LC谐振网络替代传统电流源.分析了改善混频器线性度、增益和噪声性能的方法.使用中芯国际0.13 μm CMOS工艺制造芯片,测试结果表明,在电源电压为1 V,功耗为5.1 mW时,得到了非常好的线性度,输入三阶互调截点(IIP3)为10.20 dB(mW量级),同时功率增益为-4.2 dB,单边带噪声系数为12.8 dB.     

一种低噪声高增益CMOS混频器设计

基于TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种低噪声、高增益的混频器.通过在吉尔伯特单元中的跨导级处引入噪声抵消技术以降低混频器的噪声,并且在开关管的源级增加电流注入电路以减小本振端的偏置电流,增大电路的增益.仿真结果表明,混频器工作电压为1.8 V,直流电流为9.9 mA,在本振(LO)频率为2.39 GHz,射频(RF)频率为2.4 GHz时,混频器的增益为12.65 dB,双边带噪声系数为4.23 dB,输入三阶交调点为-3.45 dBm.     

吉尔伯特型CMOS零中频混频器的设计

利用动态电流注入、共源节点谐振、改善2阶线性度性能技术,应用CMOS工艺,利用Candence设计了一款1.8 V电源电压折叠式Gilbert型有源零中频混频器.电路仿真结果显示,混频器在1 MHz,100 kHz,10 kHz处的单边带噪声系数为6.109,6.71,10.631 dB,频率转换的增益为11.389 dB,输入的3阶交调点为4.539 dBm.     

无片上电感的低功耗高线性度CMOS混频器

物联网设备的数量将在不久的将来得到快速增长。延长电池寿命、提高信号动态范围是物联网通信系统射频前端的主要关注点。为解决射频前端功耗和线性度的问题,提出了一种改进型的吉尔伯特混频器。相比于传统吉尔伯特混频器,该混频器在跨导级采用工作在亚阈值区的PMOS/NMOS互补结构,结合了电流复用技术和导数叠加技术,实现了功耗和线性度的折中;并采用交叉电容耦合形成负阻抗,抵消了寄生电容的影响,从而在低功耗情况下提高了线性度。基于HHNEC 0.18 μm BiCMOS 工艺后仿真结果表明,该混频器在射频频率0.4~3 GHz时转换增益为6.2~7.6 dB, 在2.4 GHz频率下输入三阶交调点(input third-order intercept point,IIP3)为14.96 dBm,在电源电压为1 V的情况下功耗为1.8 mW。该混频器核心电路尺寸为460 μm × 190 μm。与相关工作对比,该混频器具有低功耗、高线性度的特点。     

新型高线性度双平衡CMOS混频器芯片的设计

设计了一款用于无线通信射频系统的新型双平衡混频器芯片,该混频器的输出信号中不存在与射频输入信号相关的二次非理想项,具有高线性度.该混频器基于新型乘法器结构,在两个工作于线性区的对称金属氧化物半导体(MOS)晶体管的源、漏两极加入差分射频信号,在其栅极加入差分本振信号,从而以低复杂度方式实现射频信号与本振信号的双平衡混频或相乘;采用差分推挽放大器及源随器作为芯片的输出缓冲接口,改善了芯片与片外电路之间的隔离度,提高了功率增益和输出匹配性能.芯片采用0.18 μm射频(RF)互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺流片,实现超宽频带范围内的信号混频或相乘,1 dB压缩点2.9 dBm,三阶交调16 dBm,总功耗25 mW,芯片性能良好,可以满足高性能、超宽带、高速无线通信系统的要求.     

2.4 GHz频段射频前端高线性度SiGe低噪声放大器设计

为满足高性能射频前端接收部分对高线性度的需求，基于SiGe BiCMOS工艺设计并实现了一款工作在2.4 GHz频段的高线性度低噪声放大器（Low Noise Amplifier，LNA）.该放大器采用Cascode结构在增益与噪声之间取得平衡，在Cascode结构输入和输出间并联反馈电容，实现输入端噪声与增益的同时匹配.设计了一种改进的动态偏置有源电流镜以提升输入 1 dB压缩点及输入三阶交调点的线性度指标.为满足应用需求，LNA与射频开关及电源模块集成组成低噪声射频前端接收芯片进行流片加工测试.测试结果表明：在工作频率2.4 ~2.5 GHz内，整个接收芯片增益为14.6 ~15.2 dB，S11、S22<-9.8 dB，NF<2.1 dB，2.45 GHz输入1 dB压缩点为-2.7 dBm，输入三阶交调点为+12 dBm.芯片面积为1.23 mm×0.91 mm.该测试结果与仿真结果表现出较好的一致性，所设计的LNA展现出了较好的线性度表现.     

一款工作于2.4 GHz频段的带有源负载的高性能双平衡有源混频器

对带有源负载的CMOS双平衡Gilbert有源混频器的1/f噪声、线性度与转换增益进行深入分析。这款采用PMOSFETs做负载的混频器工作于2.4 GHz频段。为降低混频器的1/f噪声, 利用双阱工艺中的寄生垂直NPN晶体管作为开关, 同时在PMOSFETs处并联最低噪声的分流电路作为负载。运用在PMOSFETs处的高性能运算放大器, 不仅为零中频输出提供了合适的直流偏置电压, 以避免下级电路的饱和, 并能够为混频器提供足够高的转换增益。同时, 在输入跨导(G_m)级电路中采用电容交叉耦合电路能够将转换增益进一步提高。为了增加混频器的线性度, 采用共栅放大器作为输入跨导级电路。这款混频器采用TSMC 0.18m 1-Poly 6-Metal RF CMOS工艺, 在1.5 V电源电压、3 mA的电流消耗下获得了17.78 dB的转换增益、13.24 dB的噪声因子和4.45 dBm输入三阶交调点的高性能。     

应用于P波段及L波段AESA的射频发射前端

基于TSMC 0.18μm RFCMOS工艺,设计了一款应用于P波段和L波段(405 M-2.2 GHz)的全集成射频发射前端芯片.系统由单转双巴伦、混频器、可变增益放大器和驱动放大器组成,系统架构基于改进的直接上变频方案.基带和本振端口的巴伦采用了一种能够同时实现噪声和非线性消除及宽带阻抗匹配的结构,混频器使用了正交双平衡基尔伯特结构,可变增益放大器基于跨导可变的共源共栅结构进行设计,驱动放大器采用了具有高线性度和宽带匹配特性的推挽结构.后仿真结果表明,在3.3 V电源电压下,该发射前端直流电流为76 m A,版图面积为2.4 mm×2.0 mm;具有可控电压增益10-30 dB;输出1 dB压缩点大于10.8 dBm;中频大于25 MHz时,噪声系数小于8 dB;基带和射频端口反射系数小于-20 dB,本振端口反射系数小于-15 dB.     

用于GNSS的高增益宽带低噪声放大器

基于UMC 0.18 μm CMOS 工艺,设计了一款用于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的宽带低噪声放大器(LNA). 其中,采用并联反馈电阻噪声抵消结构降低整体电路的噪声,使用电感峰化技术提升工作频带内的增益平坦度,进而优化高频噪声性能. 此外,采用共源共栅结构提高电路的反向隔离度. 仿真结果表明,在电源电压为1.8 V 的条件下,低噪声放大器的-3 dB 带宽为1 GHz,最大增益为15.08 dB,在1-2 GHz 内增益变化范围为±1 dB,噪声系数为2.65-2.82 dB,输入回波损耗和反向传输系数分别小于-13 dB 和-40 dB. 芯片核心面积为740 μm×445 μm.     

基于吉尔伯特型的CMOS射频混频器的设计

采用多晶电阻作为输出负载、开关对的源极注入电流、共源节点串联电感、驱动级的源简并阻抗方法,提出了一种新型的双通道正交混频器,并采用Candence完成了电路设计.仿真结果表明：在电源电压为1.8V,本振信号输入功率为3 dBm的时,混频器在1 MHz中频处的单边带噪声系数为7.47 dB,在100 kHz中频处为9.35 dB,在10 kHz中频处为16.39 dB;变频增益降为8.46 dB.提高了线性度,且其三阶交调点为8.42 dBm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.