A-172/丙烯酸酯接枝改性水性环氧树脂的制备与性能

通过环氧树脂与丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯及有机硅氧烷单体乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(A-172)的接枝共聚反应,向环氧树脂中引入亲水性基团,使环氧树脂水性化,并在改性环氧树脂骨架中引入有机硅氧烷单元,改进环氧树脂的柔韧性和耐候性,制备具有良好水分散性和优异综合性能的有机硅氧烷接枝改性水性环氧树脂;在采用红外光谱分析接枝产物结构的基础上,采用透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对A-172含量不同的接枝产物的水分散体及其涂膜进行了详细表征,并结合对涂膜机械性能的测试结果,分析了A-172用量对水性环氧乳液固化涂膜的微观结构及宏观性能的影响。结果表明,当A-172的质量分数为环氧树脂的6%时,改性环氧树脂乳液具有良好的分散性能和储存稳定性,其固化涂膜的耐水性、柔韧性和抗冲击强度等性能得到很大改善。     

UV固化水性含氟环氧丙烯酸酯树脂的合成与性能研究

以环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、丙烯酸、马来酸酐为原料,通过接枝反应-开环反应-酯化反应三步合成光固化水性含氟环氧丙烯酸酯树脂聚合物。采用红外光谱、热重法（TG）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、激光粒度分布仪等技术对光固化水性含氟树脂结构与性能进行了分析,结果表明:添加含氟单体使聚合物的力学性能明显提高,热稳定性增强,玻璃化转变温度明显降低,接触角显著增大;当n（环氧树脂）:n（甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯）=4:1时,光固化水性含氟树脂的综合性能最佳:乳液平均粒径为2.3 m,固化膜附着力为1级,硬度为6 H,耐冲击性120 cm.     

开环反应对E-20环氧树脂水性化过程的研究

研究接枝单体对E-20型环氧树脂分子中环氧基开环率的影响。采用自由基接枝共聚的方法对环氧树脂进行改性使其具有水溶性。以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,接枝单体拟选用丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯通过自由基反应接枝到E-20环氧树脂分子上,制备自乳化的环氧乳液。这种改性的环氧树脂乳液具有很低的有机挥发物,满足了当前提倡的绿色环保的要求。     

环氧大豆油/环氧树脂丙烯酸酯的合成及其性能研究

以可再生资源的大豆油衍生物环氧大豆油(ESO)为基体,可以制备环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯(AESO),但该低聚物所成UV固化膜附着力不佳,力学性能较差.文中利用环氧树脂优良的粘接性能和力学性能来改善纯环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯固化膜的这些不足.首先将环氧大豆油和环氧树脂混合,利用丙烯酸对环氧基接枝制备了环氧大豆油/环氧树脂丙烯酸酯(AESO-EA)低聚物,进一步在光引发剂Doracur1173的引发下共聚得到环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯/环氧树脂丙烯酸酯UV固化膜.通过拉伸性能测试、铅笔硬度测试、附着力和冲击性能的测试对固化膜进行了性能分析.测试结果表明,引入了环氧树脂后的固化膜性能显著提高.通过比较分析,当环氧树脂E-44的添加量为环氧大豆油质量的6%左右时,UV固化膜整体性能最佳.     

AA/AMPS接枝环氧树脂E-44的水性化改性研究

为改善环氧树脂E-44的水溶性,以丙烯酸(AA)和2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基-丙磺酸(AMPS)为接枝共聚的单体对环氧树脂进行水性化改性.研究了引发剂、不同单体及比例和反应条件对接枝共聚物水分散稳定性的影响并通过红外光谱对产物进行了表征.结果表明,以2.71wt%的BPO为引发剂、以体积比1∶1的无水乙醇-乙二醇单甲醚为混合溶剂,在接枝共聚反应温度110℃,下用质量比为1∶1的AA/AMPS对等质量的环氧树脂E-44进行改性,得到的改性环氧树脂水性化改性效果最好,乳液离心稳定性和贮存稳定性最高.     

水性环氧接枝苯丙共聚物的研究

研究了苯丙多元接枝水性环氧共聚物的制法．讨论了以环氧树脂为母体,甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及苯乙烯为接枝单体的自由基接枝聚合．结果表明：当接枝温度为90～95℃,甲基丙烯酸含量为22％(占总单体质量分数),中和度为110％时,所得环氧树脂一苯丙单体接枝共聚物水分散稳定性最好．红外光谱分析证实接枝产物的存在;用透射电镜观察了接枝共聚物的水分散体的粒子形态及大小。     

水性环氧丙烯酸乳液的合成与表征

研究乳液体系中环氧树脂与甲基丙烯酸进行接枝共聚反应.探讨单体甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯和环氧树脂四种单体配比、反应时间、温度、引发剂用量等聚合条件对共聚物的接枝率、乳液粒径、乳液稳定性的影响,通过实验确定了最佳反应条件.红外光谱和GPC谱图分析表明:丙烯酸单体已成功接枝到环氧树脂分子上,环氧树脂链接枝上强亲水性基团-COOH,激光粒度分析仪测定了所得乳液的平均粒径,结果表明:乳胶粒平均粒径达171nm时乳液的稳定性最好.     

丙烯酸接枝合成水性环氧树脂的合成研究

通过接枝法在环氧树脂分子骨架中引入亲水性基团实现了环氧树脂的水性化,并得到了具有良好稳定性的水性环氧树脂乳液。研究了不同合成条件对单体接枝率、水分散液粒径、水分散液稳定性的影响,确定了改性接枝水性环氧树脂的合成最佳条件。结果表明:乳胶粒径约为100 nm左右,离心稳定性和储存稳定性很好,离心分离3000 r/min,30 min不分层,静置30 d不分层。     

水性环氧树脂涂膜固化的FTIR法

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪研究了水性环氧树脂涂膜的固化过程,得到不同固化温度下交联固化程度随时问的变化规律:水性环氧涂膜在固化前期属于动力学控制阶段,固化速率较高,固化程度随时间增加较快;固化后期属于扩散控制阶段,固化反应程度随时间的延长而增加缓慢.结果表明:此水性环氧树脂涂料体系的固化反应表观活化能为56.082 kJ/mol,室温下具有较快的固化反应速度.     

二甲基二氯硅烷改性接枝环氧树脂的合成研究

环氧树脂与甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及苯乙烯接枝共聚,合成了接枝环氧树脂水分散体,采用二甲基二氯硅烷（DMS）来改性接枝环氧树脂分散体,通过对乳液的粒径分析以及对聚合产物的结构表征,并考察了乳液及涂膜性能的影响。研究表明,有机硅的引入影响接枝环氧水分散体的粒径分布,提高了固化涂膜的热分解温度,提高了固化涂膜的耐水性、粘结性和机械性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-