逾渗集团中的分形粘滞指进

构造了具有不同逾渗概率的逾渗集团。在逾渗集团中，认为侯道半径分别服从Rayleigh分布和Beta分布，采用超松驰技术，模拟了逾渗集团中的粘滞指进。计算了粘滞指进分维，结果表明，增加逾渗概率，降低粘滞比可增加指进的分维。在粘滞比趋于无穷的极限情形下，指进的分维和DAL的结果吻合。孔隙介质的几何拓扑很强地影响驱替过程和粘滞指进的结构。驱扫效率主要依赖网格的尺寸和粘滞比。     

沉积岩孔隙结构的二维分形模型及两相流模拟

建立了沉积岩孔隙结构的二维分形模型,引入了描述沉积岩孔隙结构的参数分布分维Ｄ和半径比γ,并利用该模型对大粘滞比情形下沉积岩中的两相流驱替进行了计算机模拟,结果表明粘滞指进型与结构参数存在密切关系．当半径比较小而分布分维较大时,指进型明显地呈十字形生长,而当半径比较大而分布分维较小时,指进型表现为完全无序的分支结构．通过数据拟合,得到了指进型分维与结构参数的表达式．     

沉积岩孔隙结构的二维分形模型及两相流模拟

建立了沉积岩孔隙结构的二维分形模型,引入了描述沉积岩孔隙结构的参数分布分维Ｄ和半径比γ,并利用该模型对大粘滞比情形下的沉积岩中两相流驱替进行了计算机模拟,模拟结果表明,粘滞指进型与结构参数存在密切关系：当半径比较小而分布分维较大时,指进型明显地呈十字形生长,而当半径比较大而分布分维较小时,指进型表现为完全无序的分支结构．最后通过数据拟合,得到了指进型分维与结构参数关系的表达式．     

逾渗集团中的粘滞指进

构造了具有不同占据概率的逾渗的集团，在逾渗集团中，认为喉道半径服从贝塔分布，采用超松驰技术，模拟了逾渗     

沉积岩孔隙结构的二维分形模型及两相流模拟

建立了沉积岩孔隙结构的二维分形模型，引入了描述沉积岩孔隙结构的参数分布分维Ｄ和半径比γ，并利用该模型对大粘滞比情形下沉积岩中的两相流驱替进行了计算机模拟，结果表明粘滞指进型与结构参数存在密切关系；当半径比较小而分布分维较大时，指进型明显地呈十字形生长，而半径比较大而分布分维较小时，指进型表面为完全无序的分支结构。通过数据拟合，得到了指进型分维五结构参数的表达式。     

随机多孔介质中的不混溶驱替

对随机多孔介质中粘滞指进的分形性质进行研究,建立正方网格来模拟多孔介质中润湿流体的侵入和流动,运用决定论模型进行研究。结果表明,多孔介质的几何拓扑强烈地影响了粘滞指进的结构和驱替过程。粘滞指进图像扫及面积随着迭代次数n的增加而增大。增加迭代次数n和网格尺寸,会导致驱扫效率E的增大。     

气水交替驱油藏注入能力分析及优化

针对注入能力降低是制约气水交替驱提高油藏采收率的关键因素的问题,以相似理论中的检验分析法推导了气水交替注入无因次注入能力方程,运用考虑相渗和毛管滞后效应耦合的数值模拟方法,评价无因次注入能力的因素影响,讨论并优化了注入水气比。研究结果表明：对于特定油藏体系,通过增加注入气的富化度提高粘滞力重力比来达到改善驱替效果的方法比片面地增加注气速度更高一些;水气比越高,达到相同开采效果所需气量越小,但因此而出现较明显的注入能力下降的趋势。对于低粘滞力重力比的注气条件,选择水气比为2最佳;而对于高粘滞力重力比,则水气比为1是最佳选择。建议在水气比的优选时充分结合油藏地质特征和注入流体特性进行分析。     

多孔介质粘滞指进中的毛细效应

建立了考虑毛细效应时多孔介质中二相流驱替的物理模型及动力学方程,提出了一种求解此类方程的近似方法,通过计算机模拟,得到了相应驱替前沿的分形生长图形,与未考虑毛细效应时的图形比较,发现其孔隙尺寸范围的分枝结构变弱,其表面相对光滑,分维值减少,从而证实了毛细效应的孔隙尺寸范围抑制指进型分枝结构的结论．     

多孔介质粘滞指进中的毛细效应

建立了考虑毛细效应时多孔介质中二相流驱替的物理模型及动力学方程,提出了一种求解此类方程的近似方法,通过计算机模拟,得到了相应驱替前沿的分形生长图形,与未考虑毛细效应时间的图形比较,发现其孔隙尺寸范围的分枝结构变弱,其表面相对光滑,分维值减少,从而证实了毛细效应的孔隙尺寸范围抑制指进型分枝结构的结论。     

分形生长DLA模型及其在流体驱替中的应用

分形生长ＤＬＡ模型的出现，深化了人们对非平衡生长现象的认识，揭示和解决了一些传统方法难以解决的问题．各种改善和修正的ＤＬＡ模型的出现，丰富了人们对ＤＬＡ集团的认识，ＤＬＡ集团不再具有统一的无序分形各向同性的特征，而是和网格及模型有关．在ＤＬＡ模型中考虑粒子吸附几率后，可以反映流体驱替过程中界面张力效应，尤其是可用于模拟流体驱替过程中粘性指进现象的动力学演化过程，为描述粘性指进现象提供了一个新的、有效的手段．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.