各向异性材料流动应力模型研究

根据塑性应变的等效原理,基于Hill48屈服准则,建立各向异性材料等效塑性应变表达式,并应用于各向异性材料流动应力的建模.将Swift模型、Voce模型及Swift-Voce模型等流动应力模型应用于各向异性材料应变强化行为预测.结果表明:在材料均匀变形的小应变范围内,三种模型的决定系数高于0.998,均方根优于2.523,具有很高的拟合精度;在材料的大应变范围内,Swift-Voce模型的决定系数为0.967,均方根为11.973,预测效果最佳,能较好地预测各向异性材料大应变范围的流动应力.研究结果可为材料的数值模拟提供更准确的流动应力模型,提高计算精度.     

面心立方金属的基于位错密度的循环本构模型

在晶体塑性理论框架下,建立适用于面心立方金属多晶材料的基于位错密度的循环本构模型.在各向同性硬化律中总位错密度被离散为螺位错和刃位错两部分,考虑了位错增殖、湮灭和相互作用的演化机制,同时采用了修正的非线性随动硬化律,建立单晶的循环本构模型,通过显式尺度过渡准则,把该模型拓展到多晶尺度.应用该模型模拟了典型面心立方结构材料多晶铜的棘轮行为.数值模拟结果表明,该模型不仅可以从多晶尺度模拟材料的棘轮行为和循环硬化特征,还可以从单晶尺度预测不同晶向和不同应力水平下的棘轮行为.     

正交异性介质中稳恒扩展裂纹尖端的位移场

将正变异性材料视为理想弹塑性材料,采用R·Hill屈服准则及与之相关的流动法则,假定材料不可压缩的条件下,获得了稳恒扩展裂纹尖端应力、应变场.在此基础上,可以获得正交异性介质中稳恒扩展裂纹尖端的位移场.结果表明,应变场具有In(A/r)的奇异性,位移场具有rin(A/r)的量级.     

一种新的弹塑性本构矩阵及应用

利用非关联流动法则,在空间状态下基于M—C准则导出一种新的屈服准则以及相应的弹塑性本构关系,该屈服准则与M—C准则所得的塑性体应变增量完全相等,并体现了中间应力σ2对屈服的影响．并把新准则与其他准则在理论上进行了分析、比较．最后把本文提出的新准则与有限元强度折减系效法结合起来,通过对c、φ的等效替换,利用ANSYS通用程序进行边坡稳定分析,所得结果与极限平衡法吻合良好．     

基于弹性应变能的MohrCoulomb强度准则讨论

从弹性应变能释放是材料屈服的基本原理来看,MohrCoulomb(M-C)强度准则认为屈服时材料的泊松比恒为0.5,这可能违反能量守恒定律.研究了弹性应变能、应力偏量第二不变量、应力张量第二不变量及泊松比之间的关系,提出广义应力偏量第二不变量概念;从弹性应变能角度对M-C强度准则的物理意义进行分析,提出广义M-C强度准则;利用强度准则对岩石的破坏强度进行了计算.结果表明,由于考虑了中间主应力与泊松比的影响,广义M-C强度准则的计算精度更高,并分析了产生这种结果的内在机理.广义M-C强度准则突破了材料破坏时的泊松比恒为0.5的假设,这对于定量描述材料的屈服与破坏特性具有重要的意义.     

岩土类介质屈服函数的实质

基于岩土类介质两种常用屈服准则,摩尔库仑屈服准则和杜拉克-普拉格屈服准则相匹配关系,在引入并规定了应力罗德角的条件下推导了三轴压缩、三轴拉伸和平面应变等几种情况下岩土类介质屈服函数的等效表达公式,证明了岩土类介质屈服函数的实质是在一定应力状态下偏应力张量第二不变量与材料自身属性之间的函数关系。     

位错的统计力学以及位错引起晶体的熔化理论

在位错对详细讨论的基础上建立一个晶体熔化的理论模型。该理论预测一级相变并得出晶体熔化温度的上限。引起面心立方结构和体心立方结构熔化的位错类型是不同的,前者是偏位错引起,后者是全位错引起。计算出22种立方晶体的熔化温度接近实验得出的熔化温度。提出了偏位错熔化温度低,这应当是面心立方比体心立方熔化温度低的原因之一。     

考虑材料应变硬化和包辛格效应的厚壁筒自增强理论模型

提出了一种以材料的实际拉-压应力应变曲线为基础,考虑材料应变硬化行为和包辛格效应的厚壁管自增强理论模型．本模型通过直接对实际材料拉-压应力应变曲线进行四段拟合得到所需参数,因此能更好地反映材料的应力-应变特性,给出更精确的残余应力计算结果．模型预测的残余应力和实验测试结果与其他3种自增强理论模型预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,该模型的预测结果和实验测试值吻合,比其他理论模型给出了更精确残余应力预测结果．讨论了包辛格效应和屈服准则对筒壁残余应力的影响．理想弹塑性模型、线性强化模型以及幂硬化模型等都是本模型的特例．     

有强化材料圆形压力孔道体的弹塑性解析分析

采用弹性-幂律塑性本构模型来考虑材料的应变硬化特性,基于Hencky全量理论和Von Mises屈服准则,用应力解法统一导出了有强化材料圆形压力孔道体孔道附近的弹塑性应力、应变和位移分量的封闭表达式,为圆形压力孔道问题的力学分析建立了一种新的解析格式。分析表明,已知的含圆形压力孔道体的线弹性Lame解和弹性-理想塑性P.Hill解只是本文解的两个特例。本文解作为一般解,既能反映材料的弹性变形,也能计入材料的塑性应变强化。     

航空铝合金应变空间弹塑性本构模型

从应变空间表述的塑性增量本构模型一般形式出发,根据航空铝合金等线性强化材料特性建立应变空间弹塑性本构模型。应变空间本构模型所需参数通过应力空间中对应参数转化得到,材料的屈服准则、流动法则、内变量和塑性模量等准则及参量均以应变空间的形式建立,从而构建适合铝合金等线性强化材料的弹塑性增量模型。通过算例计算,证明该模型与应力空间增量本构模型等效。该模型所需计算变量为可在线获得的应变,使应力分析计算大为简化,可以方便地求解应力空间本构模型难以求解的强化材料变形问题。因此特别适合于航空铝合金厚板预拉伸等金属变形加工工艺的应力分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.