并联式TBCC发动机排气系统性能数值模拟

针对一个并联式涡轮基组合循环(Turbine Based Combined Cycle, TBCC)发动机排气系统的气动方案,对其在整个飞行包线范围内典型工作点上的流场进行了数值模拟研究,获得了飞行包线范围内排气系统相应的推力系数、升力、俯仰力矩随飞行马赫数的变化关系。计算结果显示,在整个飞行包线范围内,排气系统的轴向推力系数随着飞行马赫数先减小后增大,在跨声速飞行时降到最低 Ma=0.9,涡喷不加力时为0.562,加力时0.662),在设计点附近达到最大;升力和俯仰力矩性能在亚声速及跨声速飞行时较差,在超声速飞行时随着飞行马赫数增加逐渐好转。表明排气系统在跨声速飞行范围内工作时应采取措施以改善其性能。      

高超声速火箭橇气动特性优化与风洞试验

为研究如何在不额外增加稳定装置的基础上提高超声速条件下火箭橇的在轨运行稳定性,基于数值分析方法开展了高超声速火箭橇气动特性优化设计,并通过风洞试验对优化后的橇体进行了不同工况下的气动特性研究。建立了基于SST湍流模型、N-S控制方程的火箭橇气动特性数值分析方法,通过经典双椭球模型对计算方法的准确性进行验证。基于气动特性数值分析方法开展橇体气动外形设计,对整流板俯仰角、侧偏角以及前、后滑靴的位置进行优化。通过风洞试验对优化后的橇体进行不同工况下的气动特性研究,分析马赫数、雷诺数以及轨道和地面效应的影响。研究结果表明：火箭橇高超声速气动特性数值分析方法的精度约为86.94%,可以用来模拟火箭橇在高超声速流场中的气动特性;在Ma=5时,优化后的模型相较于优化前的模型,气动阻力减小了约23.57%,气动升力减小了约38.49%;随着马赫数的增加,橇体阻力系数呈下降趋势,当Ma从4增加到6,橇体的阻力系数下降约19.98%;橇体升力系数与俯仰力矩系数均随着雷诺数的增大而增加,Ma=5,当雷诺数从1.80×10⁷变化到3.60×10⁷时,橇体的阻力系数与...     

可旋转鸭舵对旋转弹丸纵向气动特性的影响

利用有限体积TVD格式,对旋转弹丸的气动特性进行数值分析.对旋转弹丸SOCBT在马赫数为3的典型算例进行了验证计算,并进行了可旋转固定鸭舵对旋转弹丸纵向气动特性的影响的数值分析.计算了鸭舵位于不同方位角、不同飞行马赫数、不同攻角下时旋转弹丸的纵向气动力系数.研究结果表明,该数值分析方法能准确地分析纵向气动力系数随鸭舵方位角的变化规律,可为分析弹道修正规律提供依据.     

多工况下高超声速飞行器再入时流场的计算

为了弄清典型高超声速飞行器再入时处于连续区的流场状态,采用多组分、考虑非平衡态气体振动激发与化学反应过程的守恒型Navier-Stokes方程组,并用高分辨率TVD格式进行求解,获得了不同飞行工况下飞行器流场的气动热力学(尤其是壁面热流密度)和热-化学非平衡态特性,数值结果与风洞试验及飞行数据吻合较好.通过对多个工况点下流场状态的分析与对比,给出了高超声速飞行器在整个再入过程中的壁面热流密度值、气动力系数,尤其是计算域内热力学非平衡区的分布特性,这对有效地完成飞行器热防护设计具有积极意义.     

平头圆柱喷流干扰流场的DSMC/EPSM仿真

应用DSMC/EPSM混合算法,数值模拟过渡区有逆向喷流干扰的轴对称平头圆柱高超声速流场,分析了流场结构、分离形态及物面气动系数分布等特性。结果表明,随Knudsen数或喷流马赫数的不同,喷流干扰流场存在差异,过渡区中的稀薄气体效应得以体现,同时反映了DSMC/EPSM混合算法是研究稀薄/连续混合区域高超声速流动的有效方法。     

高超声速飞行器模型弹性特性影响的机理分析

针对高超声速飞行器的弹性效应对气动及推进系统的耦合影响,基于一类高超声速飞行器构型,采用机理分析方法,分析飞行器弹性形变,计算飞行器机身和控制面发生弹性形变后的气动布局及发动机推进系统的推力,研究了弹性效应对气动及推进系统的耦合影响.仿真分析表明:当飞行器机身发生弹性形变时,升力、阻力、俯仰力矩及推力变化明显.低阶弹性模态对飞行器的影响起主导作用,弹性效应的影响在建模中不容忽视.     

轨道再入飞行器气动热力学环境研究

 高超声速飞行器气动热力学环境研究是直接涉及轨道飞行器飞行控制、热防护设计和热安全的关键问题之一。本文借助于多组分、考虑非平衡态气体的振动以及激波与热化学非平衡态效应的守恒积分型Navier-Stokes方程组,使用高分辨率总变差减小格式,计算研究了轨道再入飞行器再入地球大气层的10个飞行工况（飞行马赫数9.7～27.8）,分析了不同工况下轨道再入飞行器弓形脱体激波后流场气动热力学环境特性,得出气动力系数和沿壁面的热流密度分布,与国外相关飞行数据比较,两者吻合较好。     

平头圆柱喷流干扰流场的DSMC／EPSM仿真

应用DSMC／EPSM混合算法，数值模拟过渡区有逆向喷流干扰的轴对称平头圆柱高超声速流场，分析了流场结构、分离形态及物面气动系数分布等特性。结果表明，随Knudsen数或喷流马赫数的不同，喷流干扰流场存在差异，过渡区中的稀薄气体效应得以体现，同时反映了DSMC／EPSM混合算法是研究稀薄／连续混合区域高超声速流动的有效方法。     

掠飞末敏弹滚转气动特性研究

为研究掠飞末敏弹在高速滚转状态下的气动特性,对其进行了静态和自由滚转风洞实验研究,在此基础上,结合数值仿真和近似理论方法,分析了弹箭高速滚转运动对其气动参数的影响,并获得了不同马赫数下的平衡转速随尾翼结构参数的变化规律.结果表明:平衡转速随马赫数增加而增大,但变化斜率随马赫数增加有所减小;在相同马赫数下,平衡转速随攻角增加而减小,且变化规律具有非线性特性;增大尾翼根稍比、扭曲率以及后掠角均有利于提高弹箭平衡转速;弹箭在高速滚转状态下的气动特性与静止状态相比存在显著差异,除产生较大的偏航力矩外,还将导致俯仰力矩系数减小、压心位置前移等现象,这对提高尾翼弹箭飞行稳定性是不利的.      

高超声速弹箭烧蚀对外弹道特性的影响

该文根据烧蚀模型计算出弹丸在某一时刻的烧蚀外形及其对应的气动系数 ,利用外弹道模型仿真高超声速弹丸烧蚀后对其外弹道特性的影响。文中所采用的理论、方法及计算结果对以后进行高超声速弹箭的研究有参考价值     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.