复合材料大开口壁板的稳定性研究

本文研究复合材料大开口壁板的稳定性能,应用商用有限元软件ABAQUS对该结构进行有限元建模,开展数值分析,选用Hashin准则,对界面选用Quards二次应力判据分别判断其失效,得到壁板的屈曲载荷和屈曲模态,然后对壁板进行后屈曲分析,进一步得到结构的破坏载荷和破坏方式。从分析结果表明该结构具有较强的后屈曲承载能力。     

压剪组合作用下复合材料壁板的后屈曲承载能力

通过复合材料加筋壁板后屈曲有限元分析,预测盒形薄壁结构在弯扭组合作用下的承载能力.壁板基于修正的一阶剪切理论,四边简支,变形时保持直线.后屈曲分析采用弧长法和基于渐近分析的路径转换技术.定义了三种逐渐破坏状态,利用Hoffman准则,考虑单层板的破坏对于刚度的影响,确定壁板的后屈曲承载能力.数值计算结果表明,复合材料加筋壁板屈曲后有相当大的后屈曲承载能力,预测结果与复合材料盒段弯扭组合试验结果符合良好.     

复合材料加筋壁板轴压屈曲稳定性研究

为研究复合材料加筋薄壁结构在轴向压缩载荷下的稳定性能,应用有限元软件MSC.PATRAN／NASTRAN对该型结构建模并进行屈曲计算,得到结构的失稳屈曲临界载荷和屈曲模态;通过对复合材料加筋壁板进行轴向压缩试验,对其屈曲形式、失稳载荷、破坏过程及破坏载荷进行了研究,试验所得局部屈曲载荷与计算结果较吻合,说明建模方法的合理性。试验分析表明复合材料加筋壁板具有较强的后屈曲承载能力,可以用有限元模拟方法来对该型结构的稳定性能进行分析。     

复合材料加筋壁板长桁终止端失效分析

为了研究复合材料加筋壁板长桁终止端在轴压载荷作用下的破坏机制,基于ABAQUS有限元软件中的连续壳单元和cohesive单元建立了有限元模型,在该模型中,采用hashin准则预测面内损伤,而对于壁板与长桁缘条之间的脱胶损伤的起始与扩展,则采用cohesive单元进行模拟。采用该模型对复合材料加筋壁板长桁终止端在轴压载荷作用下的破坏过程进行仿真,仿真结果与试验结果相比较表明,所建立的有限元分析模型能较好地模拟加筋壁板长桁终止端在轴压载荷作用下壁板与长桁缘条间的脱胶过程,且能较好地预测该结构的承载能力与分层面积。     

复合材料开孔加筋壁板结构剪切试验与数值分析

对复合材料开孔加筋壁板进行了剪切试验。基于逐渐损伤失效分析方法,建立了开孔加筋壁板的三维有限元模型。对壁板进行了应力分析,得到了各铺层的应力分布图和壁板孔边沿厚度方向的应力分布图。实现了逐渐失效扩展过程的仿真分析。计算了壁板的最终失效载荷,计算值与试验值误差为12.3%。     

复合材料加筋壁板的抗冰雹冲击动力响应及损伤预测

为了解复合材料加筋结构受到冰雹冲击后的损伤特性,基于软件Abaqus建立了复合材料加筋结构的有限元模型,采用光滑粒子法模拟了冰雹撞击的过程,分析了冲击位置、冲击能量及冲击入射角对复合材料加筋壁板冲击动力响应的影响,探讨了面板与筋条的分层和面板的损伤情况,通过对比数值模拟与试验结果验证了文中所建有限元模型的准确性.在各种损伤形式中,基体的拉伸损伤和面板与筋条的分层损伤最为显著;冲击点为筋条的边缘时,面板与筋条的分层损伤最为严重.     

冲击载荷下加筋板损伤行为研究

利用Chang-Chang失效准则及Tsai-Wu失效准则建立复合材料加筋板有限元模型,用LS-DYNA软件对其进行低速冲击模拟,研究不同冲击位置对加筋板结构损伤状态造成的影响。通过与实验值相比较,发现该模型可以近似反映加筋板结构的损伤情况。实验及模拟表明：加筋条对层板抗冲击性能的提高有明显的效果;在结构三个不同位置模拟冲击实验后发现,冲击位置离加筋条越近,层板损伤面积越小,加筋条与层板脱离现象越严重;层板损伤平行于加筋条扩展,最终损伤状态呈椭圆形,其长轴指向刚度大的方向。     

复合材料加筋结构剪切屈曲模态分析

复合材料加筋壁板逐渐应用于大型飞机机身及机翼结构,采用试验和有限元的方法研究了加筋壁板结构的剪切屈曲特性。通过剪切试验获得加筋壁板结构的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷,结果表明当结构达到屈曲状态时并不会立马丧失承载能力,屈曲载荷占破坏载荷的81.8%。对比含夹具和无夹具的剪切屈曲载荷可知,夹具对加筋板的屈曲稳定性影响较大,在进行仿真模拟时,忽略夹具可能导致严重的错误。同时,边界条件的差异会导致结构的屈曲稳定性发生改变,夹具的强弱会影响结构的传力路径,合适的边界条件可以极大地改善结构的稳定性。     

高性能航空复合材料低速冲击损伤分析

针对复合材料层合板冲击损伤模拟问题,基于各向异性材料连续介质损伤力学分析法,采用基于应变描述的失效判据来判断损伤,引入材料损伤状态变量对复合材料损伤情况进行描述;并考虑材料的剪切非线性,建立了复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下的3D非线性连续损伤有限元模型。通过编写VUMAT材料用户子程序可以实现层内各类损伤的判断和演化。使用界面单元模拟层间区域,结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律。为了更准确模拟试验中层合板的动态响应,有限元模型较为真实地反映了实际的试验条件。有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明了基于该方法建立的有限元模型的有效性。     

复合材料加筋板多失效模式可靠性分析

复合材料加筋板在轴向压缩的曲屈过程中,存在多种失效模式,对整体的可靠度有不同影响.本研究利用ABAQUS软件,建立由shell-solid单元组合的复合材料加筋板渐进失效模型,并基于Quads和Hanish失效判据,用Cohesive单元来模拟胶层,通过对模型轴向加位移的弯曲情况,确定刚心位置后,进行轴向加载仿真实验.通过有限元模拟方法,用均次一值二矩法计算可靠度,分析曲屈失效过程,影响可靠度的主要因素为静力.通过灵敏度分析,归一化计算,得到材料不同弹性模量对复合材料加筋板模型的基体失效、纤维失效、界面层失效和静力失效的贡献率.由失效判断指标可知,纤维失效是造成复合材料加筋板结构整体失效的主要因素,由灵敏度分析结果可知是影响基体失效、纤维失效、界面层失效的主要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.