晶体旋转对浅层内热毛细对流的影响

为了了解微重力下水平温度梯度作用时晶体旋转对Czochralski结构浅液池内硅熔体热毛细对流的影响,利用有限差分法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,坩埚外壁被加热,半径为50 mm,晶体半径为15 mm,液池深度为3 mm,坩埚外壁与生长界面温差为16 K.模拟结果表明,晶体无旋转时,熔体表面会出现稳定的轮型,当晶体转速较低时,表面轮型会随晶体慢速旋转;当晶体转速超过4 r/min后,表面轮型运动速度发生突变,此时将出现热流体波.     

ACRT强迫对流对定向凝固过程传热传质的影响

计算模拟了采用加速坩埚旋转技术的Bridgman法(ACRT-B)碲锌镉单晶体生长过程,以流函数图清晰地展示了晶体生长过程中固液界面前沿对流的周期性变化,以等温线图展示了界面前沿熔体温度场的变化,以等浓度线图展示了晶体内的组分偏析.计算结果表明:强迫对流显著提高了熔体中溶质分布的均匀性,可得到均一的熔体浓度场.强迫对流显著增加了固液界面凹陷深度.与不施加ACRT相比,强迫对流增加了晶体内溶质成分的轴向偏析,显著减小了径向偏析.     

坩埚下降法生长红外砷化镓晶体的研究

利用坩埚下降法生长红外砷化镓晶体,坩埚下降炉控温1 260℃,晶体以2.5mm/h速度在温度梯度为10℃/cm的条件下结晶生长.PBN坩埚外壁黏附有气相自发成核、尺寸为1~3mm的砷化镓单晶颗粒.生长的砷化镓晶体直径约50.8mm,总长约140mm.晶体头部放肩阶段存在异相成核,尾部出现多晶.截断后获得的砷化镓单晶长约100mm,成晶率达70%.砷化镓单晶结晶质量良好,头尾平均位错密度分别为868cm-2和1 436cm-2,电阻率达107Ω·cm量级.砷化镓单晶整体红外透过率约为55%,接近最高理论透过率55.8%.满足工业界使用要求.     

B_2O_3质量对VGF晶体生长工艺成晶率的影响

B_2O_3的吸水性特别强,水含量不同,其与p BN坩埚浸润状态也会有所不同,B_2O_3与p BN坩埚壁的浸润状态对晶体生长能否成功非常重要。同时,B_2O_3添加量的多少也会影响晶体生长中熔体的化学计量比,从而影响成晶。通过对VGF晶体生长工艺中所使用的液封剂B_2O_3的水含量及添加量对砷化镓晶体成晶率影响的试验分析,确定合理的添加量及水含量,提高了砷化镓晶体生长的成晶率,使掺硅砷化镓单晶生长的成晶率达到75%以上,有效地降低了生产成本。     

强制对流对 AlSi7.0 合金定向凝固界面溶质分布的影响

研究了定向凝固条件下强制性对流对ＡｌＳｉ７．０合金凝固界面溶质原子分布的影响。强制性对流是利用金属熔体流过凝固界面上方的内部坩埚底部中心的开孔形成的。试验结果表明,随着冷却速度的提高,试样中共晶体的体积分数减小,而共晶体中硅的体积分数却有所增加。强制性对流条件下,合金的共晶体体积分数以及共晶体中的Ｓｉ粒子的体积分数都较只有自然对流时高。     

铸造多晶硅生长过程中氧的传递过程研究

定向凝固法生长铸造多晶硅系统中,氧的平衡涉及到三个界面,它们是坩埚与熔体界面、熔体与气相界面以及晶体与熔体界面。因此氧的传递包含可能的三个过程:(1)氧从坩埚中向硅熔体中进行扩散;(2)氧的分凝导致氧从熔体中进入凝固的晶体中;(3)氧在熔体表面以SiO的形式挥发。     

微重力下坩埚内熔体的对流分析

以18英寸坩埚(6英寸单晶炉)为研究对象,利用有限元分析法,选用RNG k-e湍流模型,对不同液面高度下坩埚内熔体的自然对流进行二维模拟分析;在熔体空间内引入横向磁场(微重力环境下)模拟分析其对熔体对流的影响,同时对引入的横向磁场强度进行优化.结果表明,随着液面高度的下降,熔体对流逐渐变弱,液面高度从230 mm下降到140 mm时,平均流速下降了近3/4;引入横向磁场后熔体对流能够得到有效地抑制,当磁感应强度在0.4T到0.8T之间时,磁场对熔体的对流抑制作用最为明显.     

砷化镓材料技术发展及需求

介绍了HB、LEC、FEC、VCZ、VB、VGF砷化镓单晶炉及生长技术,分析了各种生长技术的优缺点及发展趋势。HB砷化镓多晶合成和单晶生长可以同时完成,生长温度梯度小、位错小、应力小;其缺点为不易生长半绝缘砷化镓单晶材料。LEC法生长过程可见,成晶情况可控,可生长大尺寸、长单晶;其缺点是晶体温度梯度大、位错密度高、应力高、晶体等径控制差。VB/VGF法生长出的单晶位错密度和残留应力比LEC法低,晶体等径好,适合规模生产;其缺点在于容易产生双晶、线性缺陷和花晶,过于依赖生长系统重复性和稳定性。     

细长坩埚内分离结晶过程中熔体流型的转变

在微重力条件下,采用有限差分法对细长坩埚（无因次高径比A取2）内分离结晶生长CdZnTe晶体过程中的熔体热毛细对流进行了三维数值模拟。选取狭缝宽度B为0.1、0.075及0.05,考虑熔体顶部为固壁边界条件,得到了分离结晶过程中熔体热毛细对流的速度和温度分布,着重分析了熔体内部流型的转变过程。结果表明：当Marangoni数较小时,在下自由表面的表面张力作用下,熔体内部会产生顺时针方向的流胞,熔体的流动为稳态且流动较弱,但随着Ma数的增大,熔体的流动范围逐渐增大并且强度不断增强,熔体内部温度的非线性分布逐渐加剧;当Marangoni数超过某一临界值后,熔体内部的流动将由稳态转变为非稳态。     

Te自助熔剂定向凝固法生长CdTe晶体

碲化镉(CdTe)晶体是一种制造室温X射线和γ射线探测器最为理想的半导体材料,在医学、食品、安检、核废料监测等应用领域前景广阔。采用一种Te自助溶剂定向凝固技术生长CdTe晶体,在区熔温场及坩埚旋转系统的综合作用下,获得了平坦状的理想固液界面形貌。生长?25 mm的CdTe晶体横截面单晶区域面积可达70%,从?56 mm的CdTe晶体中可截取尺寸达15 mm×15 mm×3 mm的单晶,电学测试表明CdTe晶体在未掺杂改性条件下电阻率达10~8Ω·cm。红外透射显示,CdTe晶体中包含尺寸范围为1～20μm的Te夹杂,这是CdTe单晶生长过程中出现的主要微观缺陷。该工作取得的相关成果对未来CdTe晶体生长技术发展具有一定参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-