嵌段共聚物ABA/均聚物B共混体系在选择性溶剂中自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了嵌段共聚物ABA/均聚物B共混体系在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为.模拟结果表明,在保证高分子浓度一定的情况下,改变均聚物的含量对于自组装所形成的胶束形貌结构有很大影响.当均聚物含量增大到一定程度,体系最终得到大的球状胶束.     

以PS-P2VP嵌段共聚物为模板获得金-氧化铁复合纳米粒子有序排列

采用具有两亲性的嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚二乙烯基吡啶嵌段物(PS-P2VP),与无机前躯体FeCl3和HAuCl4.xH2O在选择性溶剂甲苯中自组装,得到以P2VP/FeCl3/HAuCl4为核、PS为壳的球形胶束;硅片上的胶束经磞氢化钠水溶液还原后用紫外灯降解除去PS-P2VP后得到复合粒子。经场发射扫描电镜、扫描探针显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析仪等表征及检测,结果表明:在2.2 keV和6.4 keV处分别检测出金和铁元素的信号峰,得到有序排列的金-氧化铁复合纳米粒子。     

双亲三嵌段共聚物在溶液中自组装形态的模拟

利用模拟退火方法模拟了对称的双亲三嵌段共聚物在溶液中的自组装过程．研究了溶剂和聚合物之间的相互作用对处于溶液中的三嵌段共聚物聚集体形态的影响；同时,对比了不同结构(ABA和BAB)三嵌段共聚物的自组装形态．模拟结果表明随着溶剂和疏水嵌段(B段)之间的相互作用(ε_(BS))的增加,共聚物自组装形态依次为球状、短柱状、柱状、短柱状、洋葱状．当溶剂和亲水嵌段(A段)之间的相互作用(ε_(AS))由-0．2变为0．0时,在较小的ε_(BS)值下出现上述胶束形态的转变．同时由模拟结果表明,与ABA相比,三嵌段共聚物BAB在较小的ε_(BS)值处出现上述胶束形态转变．     

PS-b-P4VP胶束负载铜纳米粒子的制备及催化

以乙苯为选择性溶液,制备嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯吡啶(PS-b-P4VP)的自组装胶束.通过铜离子与P4VP的络合作用,原位还原获得了胶束负载铜纳米粒子催化体系.通过透射电镜分析,在胶束的核内获得了2～3 nm铜纳米粒子.检验了胶束负载铜纳米粒子催化氧气氧化乙苯的反应,探讨了温度、时间对催化反应的影响,以及反应后...     

RAFT细乳液法合成PMMA-b-PS及其自组装研究

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合方法(RAFT),在细乳液体系中合成了分子量相对可控的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(PMMA-b-PS)及PMMA均聚物.用FTIR1、H-NMR、GPC对聚合物结构和组成进行了表征.用TEM观察了PMMA-b-P/PMMA在选择性溶剂四氢呋喃/环己烷中的自组装行为,发现随着均聚物含量的增加,胶束形态由分散的球形转变为球形和不规则形态的混合物,胶束尺寸也有所增大.混合溶剂中四氢呋喃的含量也对胶束形态有所影响,随着四氢呋喃含量的增加,胶束有彼此聚集的趋势,在THF含量为60%时,胶束尺寸达到大约400 nm,是实验中所观察到的最大胶束.     

磁热响应复合载药胶束的热化疗协同效应

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAM)为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT),制备了一种临界相转变温度(LCST)为42.5℃的温敏性两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA29-b-P(NIPAM29-co-DMAM13)。通过高温前驱体分解法制备了单分散超顺磁性纳米粒子Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4;并采用自组装得到了载有药物(喜树碱,CPT)和磁性纳米粒子的磁热温敏复合载药胶束。通过透射电子显微镜、紫外光分光光度计以及MTT等对该胶束的形态、药物控释能力和细胞毒性进行了研究。结果表明,该胶束具有良好的生物学和药物控释性能。同时,通过激光共聚焦显微镜与流式细胞仪研究了磁热温敏复合载药胶束在不同条件下对特定肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。结果表明,磁热疗和化疗的高效协同效应可促进肿瘤细胞对药物的吞噬,增强药物对肿瘤细胞的毒性。对该载药胶束的磁热化疗协同增效机制也进行了初步探究。     

激光光散射研究温度敏感性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)——胶束的复合作用

聚(ε-己内酯)-b-聚乙二醇-b-聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL)三嵌段聚合物在水中自组装形成以PCL为核、PEO为壳的胶束,利用激光光散射研究该胶束与温度敏感性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PiPA)的复合过程.结果发现:PiPA与胶束通过疏水作用形成复合物,该复合作用随温度和胶束-PiPA质量比(r)的增加而升高.当r=1时,随着温度升高,溶液中游离的PiPA链及复合物表面的PiPA链发生塌缩和聚集,使复合物粒径减小,散射光强增加.当r=5时,复合物的链内塌缩引起粒径减小,散射光强保持不变.     

聚合物微球粒子的自组装制备

采用溶剂置换自组装方法使用聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯-嵌段-异戊二烯制备了两种表面结构不同的聚合物微球粒子.SEM和TEM结果表明,采用聚苯乙烯为原料得到了表面光滑的微球,采用嵌段共聚物得到了表面具有波纹结构的微球,表明这种自组装过程是一种高度有秩序的单层分子排列过程.     

双亲双嵌段共聚物在选择性稀溶液中自组装形态的模拟退火研究

本文利用模拟退火方法模拟了双亲双嵌共聚物在选择性溶剂中的自组装过程 .研究了溶剂和聚合物之间的相互作用对处于溶液中的双嵌段共聚物聚集体的形状和大小的影响 .同时考察了球状 -杆状胶束之间的转变机制 .模拟结果表明 ,当溶剂和疏水嵌段之间的相互作用较小时 ,聚集物的形态是球状胶束 ,而且随着相互作用的增加 ,球状胶束的聚集数增加 .当溶剂和疏水嵌段之间的相互作用增加时 ,聚集物的形态将由球状变为杆状 ,并进一步变为洋葱状     

磁热温敏复合载药胶束对肿瘤细胞的热化疗协同增效研究

利用单体NIPMA、DMAM合成相转变温度(LCST)为42.5℃的两亲性嵌段共聚物,并自组装得到载有喜树碱(CPT)和磁性纳米粒子Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4的磁热温敏复合载药胶束.对该胶束的细胞毒性等生物学性能和不同条件下疗效差异的机理进行研究,明确了磁热温敏复合载药胶束在不同条件下对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用,发现磁热疗和化疗的高效协同效应可增强CPT对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性.同时对该复合载药胶束的磁热化疗协同增效机理进行了初步研究.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.