基于新型正极材料的高功率锂离子电池

采用尖晶石LiMn₂O₄材料制作了18650型锂离子电池, 分析了影响锂离子电池大电流放电性能的主要因素如极耳、极片、电解质溶液等。又采用新型正极材料LiMn_xNi_yCo_zO₂开发出性能更优越的18650型高功率锂离子电池, 该电池可10C连续放电和8C快速充电, 并具有优秀的循环性能和搁置性能。18650型高功率锂离子电池的开发, 为研制混合电动车(HEV)用高功率锂离子电池提供了实验依据。     

纳米材料在锂离子电池中的研究进展

锂离子电池的核心是选择高能储锂电极材料,纳米材料以其独特的物理化学性能应用作为锂离子电池电极材料,具有减小极化,增大充放电电流密度,提高放电容量和循环稳定性等优点,有利于高性能、高容量和高功率电池的发展。纳米电极材料具有非常广阔的应用前景,但目前已有的研究基本处于实验开发阶段,且主要集中在制备方法上,其微观结构和电化学性能沿需进一步研究探讨。     

锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石型LiMn2O4的制备及其掺杂改性

采用固相合成法制备了锂离子电池用尖晶石型LiMn2O4正极材料,并通过同时加入Cr3 和F对材料进行了体相掺杂改性.用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射研究了材料的表面形貌和晶体结构,用充放电循环实验对制备的锂离子电池性能进行了测试.结果表明:未掺杂的LiMn2O4正极材料首次放电容量为115.3mAh·g-1,循环25次后容量降为96mAh·g-1;掺杂Cr3 和F的材料同样具有尖晶石型结构,随掺杂量增加,首次放电容量略有降低,但循环性能有较明显改善,充放电效率提高,其中掺杂量为0.10的样品首次放电容量为111.5 mAh·g-1,循环25次后容量保持率达91.8%.     

氧化镍钴锂(LiNi0.8Co0.2O2)为正极的高比能量18650型锂离子电池研究

对高比容量、低成本的氧化镍钴锂材料的合成及其在18650型锂离子电池中的性能进行了研究,合成出的批量5kg的氧化镍钴锂材料的放电比容量达到180mAh/g以上．以其为正极,MCMB和天然石墨为负极组装的一批18650电池,最高放电容量为2297mAh,质量比能量为190Wh/kg;电池100％DOD,800mA充放循环600次,容量为初始容量的65％;50％DOD,1A充放循环1000次,放电终了电压由3.45下降到2.98V;电池经过过充、过放、短路、挤压等安全试验,未发生起火、爆炸现象．对电极的制作工艺和电池的设计工艺进行优化,设计出的18650样品电池容量为2530mAh,质量比能量达到210wh/kg,体积比容量550wh/L．     

碳纳米管作导电剂对LiFePO4锂离子电池性能的影响

考察添加碳纳米管作导电剂对LiFePO4锂离子电池性能的影响.采用液态锂离子电池工艺制备063048型LiFePO4锂离子电池,利用XRD,SEM及充放电方法对电池电极的结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行表征和测试.研究结果表明:添加碳纳米管作导电剂的极片压实密度与未添加的相比提高了5%,同时也形成了良好的导电网络,电池内阻较小,电池首次放电容量达到131.8 mA·h/g,而未添加碳纳米管的首次放电容量为124.6 mA.h/g;添加碳纳米管作导电剂电池的循环性能较好,120次循环后容量几乎没有衰减,而未添加碳纳米管的电池经120次循环后容量保持率为94.1%.添加碳纳米管作导电剂电池的倍率性能优异,其6C的放电容量是0.5C的81.8%(其中,C为电流倍率),未添加碳纳米管的电池6C的放电容量是0.5C的75%.添加碳纳米管作导电剂的电池,电极界面阻抗比未添加碳纳米管的电池的界面阻抗小.     

锂离子电池高倍率放电性能的影响因素

研究了极片面密度、隔膜厚度以及电解液等因素对锂离子电池高倍率放电性能的影响. 通过实验优化制备的实验电池以20 C大电流放电电压平稳, 20 C循环100次,容量保持率为93%以上. 电池具有较好的倍率性能和循环性能.     

基于传质现象的锂电池机理建模

在比较分析各类蓄电池系统模型的基础上,提出一种基于传质现象的锂电池简化机理模型.采用COMSOL v3.5软件针对型号为IHR 18650的锰酸锂离子电池进行仿真研究,并通过放电实验对简化模型的有效性进行验证.结果表明,提出的简化模型能够较为准确地描述锂离子电池的外部特性.文中进一步对不同充/放电电流条件下的锂离子浓度和电势分布情况、设计参数对锂电池性能的影响以及锂离子浓度和电势分布随电池充/放过程的变化情况进行了仿真分析.     

低温环境对动力锂电池放电特性影响

针对锂离子电池在新能源汽车上的应用前景及其低温条件下的性能限制,尝试对锂离子电池在低温条件下进行放电实验,探讨其在低温条件下的放电性能.本文利用烤燃设备对5Ah锂离子电池充电、放电,通过示波器记录其端电压,观察低温时锂离子电池端电压的变化情况.实验后,静置24小时,测量锂离子电池电压恢复情况.然后对实验数据进行整理分析,通过取点绘制曲线,分别比较0.5C、1.0C放电电流情况下和-20~20℃各温度下锂离子电池的放电性能.综合分析可知,随着温度的降低,锂离子电池的放电性能变差;随着放电倍率的提高,电池的放电容量逐渐减小.     

以竹纤维为模板制备微米管状Li4Ti5O12负极材料

以竹纤维为模板,Ti(OC4H9)4和Li(Ac).2H2O为原料,用模板法制备锂离子电池微米管状Li4Ti5O12负极材料。采用XRD,SEM,BET,充放电实验和交流阻抗等对合成材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。研究结果表明:制备的微米管状Li4Ti5O12负极材料由尖晶石型纳米Li4Ti5O12颗粒构成,具有较大的比表面积,该材料具有良好的电化学性能,在0.5~3.0 V,0.1C倍率下的首次放电比容量为178 mA.h/g,充放电循环100次后放电比容量仍保留162 mA.h/g,且倍率性能优异。     

Development on Synthesis Methods for Nano-Materials of Cathode for Lithium Ion Battery

纳米材料具有独特的物理和化学性质。纳米技术的应用为开发高能量和高功率的锂离子电池多元化发展提供了方向,成为锂离子电池电极材料发展的重要途径。本文介绍了纳米级锂离子电池正极材料的各种合成方法及电化学性能,如：固相法喷雾干燥法、微波合成法、溶胶凝胶法、冷冻干燥法等,指出电极材料纳米化应用中的问题并给出建议,展望了纳米正极材料实用化的美好前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.