论译文的回译性与翻译

到目前为止，评论界对语际翻译、尤其是英汉翻译进行了大量的研究，并已归纳出不少翻译原则，本文中，作者从多语转换现象出发，提出了“译文回译性”这个新概念，并对其分类进行了讨论。作者认为，在从原文到译文的翻译过程中考虑译文的回译性有利于促使译文“忠实”原文，并在此基础上进行合理的“神似”、“化境”，也有利于多语转换和文化交流。据此认为，“译文回译性”应成为译文质量的评判标准之一，回译性研究应成为翻译研究的一个组成部分。     

旅游翻译中的语篇翻译意识

语篇翻译是以语篇分析理论为指导，以语篇为准进行的翻译操作。译者的语篇翻译意识，有助于正确理解原语，找寻更合适的译文。     

英汉翻译中的语际交换

语际转换是指从一种语言转换到另一种语言。翻译过程表现为翻译实质的实现,受语际转换行为模式、思维模式等规律的支配。翻译是跨文化的语际转换,译者的任务是寻找到原文与译文在语言信息和文化信息上的最佳关联。对英汉两种语言不同之处的深刻认识,有助于提高语际转换的效率和质量。因此翻译研究应当建立在英汉对比研究的基础上,注重语际转换方面的问题,灵活应用直译兼意译等主要手段。     

语篇意识及其翻译教学

就语篇、语篇翻译和语篇翻译教学进行探讨,认为翻译应该以语篇为基本单位,这样才能对原语有整体把握。在翻译教学中要培养学生的语篇意识及其翻译能力。     

基于系统功能语言学的语篇分析模式在翻译研究和教学中的应用

基于系统功能语言学语篇分析模式将语篇看作是语言使用中的一个语义单位，认为语篇是与文化语境密切相连、受具体的情景语境促动、从一整套供选择的功能成分和语言形式中进行选择的结果。这一模式为翻译研究和教学开辟了一个全新的视角，对翻译研究和教学具有重要的理论指导作用：根据这一模式，翻译中的对等应建立在语篇层面上，语篇对等的实现可...     

语域学理论和翻译批评——兼评《大卫·科波菲尔》的两个汉译本

所谓翻译批评，是指根据有关理论和观点对翻译思想、翻译活动和翻译作品进行分析和评论，以提高翻译的整体素质、翻译的整体质量和读对译品的鉴赏能力，是翻译研究的组成部分。但如何使翻译批评具有其应有的公正性和客观性，因而达到翻译批评的目的，需要相应的理论作指导。随着语言学理论的层出不穷，越来越多的语言学理论可以应用于翻译批评。本拟将语域学理论和翻译批评结合起来，从新的角度来诠释英国名的语言学家韩礼德的语域学理论，把语域理论的三要素语旨、语场和语式置于语境中进行分析，旨在使翻译批评更理性化、更具客观性与公正性。     

二语写作与翻译写作过程的一致性——以林语堂《吾国与吾民》第一章为例

母语对二语写作起积极作用,它以翻译的形式介入二语写作,其过程与翻译写作过程是一致的。在二语写作过程中,母语作为理解中介、内容生成中介和文本输出中介,与翻译写作过程中的感知、运思、表述相一致,二语写作过程实际上就是一种翻译写作的过程。二语写作源于翻译,译者(二语写作者)对从其他来源接受的信息重新编码并进行传递,但又追求写作的文采,在此过程中,译者(二语写作者)的翻译能力和写作能力发挥着重要作用。     

从互文性谈公示语翻译——以郴州公示语翻译为例

公示语翻译从某种程度体现了一个城市的软环境,从功能上说公示语具有指示、服务、禁止等三种意义功能。本文以湖南郴州公共场所公示语翻译的现实状况为例,从互文性的角度探讨了公示语翻译中如何再现公示语的指示功能、服务功能以及禁止功能。     

公示语的翻译原则

公共标示语是指给公众在公众场合看的文字语言,又称公示语。与公示语意义相近的语汇包括"标志语"、"标识语"、"标示公示语"、"标语"等。近年来,我国逐渐掀起研究公示语的热潮。众多专家、学者发表多篇文章从各个角度阐述公示语翻译的特点、问题及解决方法。本文拟从翻译原则角度谈谈公示语的翻译问题。     

论语篇连贯与翻译策略

翻译实践中由于忽略语篇连贯而引发的误译屡见不鲜。本文拟从语篇视点的角度出发，对翻译实践进行重新审视，并据此论述语篇视点与翻译策略之间的关系。目前，学术界研究的焦点已经从对词、句的关注转移到对语篇结构的研究，本文论证了翻译时应该遵循语篇结构理论的重要性，注重语境的需要，避免严重的翻译腔。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.