响应面优化西兰花水溶性膳食纤维提取及其理化性质

以西兰花为原料,采用响应面法超声波辅助柠檬酸提取西兰花水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的工艺进行优化。在单因素的基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,对影响西兰花SDF得率的液料比、超声时间、提取温度、柠檬酸浓度等工艺条件进行优化,建立了提取工艺与西兰花SDF得率的二次多项式模型。结果表明,超声波辅助提取西兰花SDF的最佳工艺条件为:液料比16 mL/g,超声时间30 min,超声温度72℃、柠檬酸浓度6.1%,西兰花SDF得率为14.61%,与模型预测值相比,其相对误差为1.02%,验证了该模型的有效性,该研究所得西兰花SDF的持水力和膨胀力分别为4.94 g/g和5.87 mL/g,具有良好的品质,可应用于相关焙烤食品中。     

响应面法优化窄叶鲜卑花叶片多糖提取工艺

为优化窄叶鲜卑花多糖提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,以窄叶鲜卑花叶片多糖得率为响应值(Y),以料液比(A)、提取温度(B)、提取时间(C)、超声功率(D)为4个自变量进行响应面法试验。结果表明:窄叶鲜卑花叶片多糖最佳提取工艺料液比为1∶16 g/m L,提取温度为62℃,提取时间为132 min,超声功率为64%。此工艺提取窄叶鲜卑花多糖得率预测值为21. 25%,实测多糖得率为21. 47%,与预测值的误差为0. 22%。因此,通过响应面法得到的工艺参数具有较高的准确度与实用性。     

漳平水仙饼茶中总黄酮提取工艺优化研究

采用超声波辅助提取漳平水仙饼茶总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、液料比、超声功率和提取时间为自变量,总黄酮的得率为响应值,应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析。结果表明:最优的提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数62%,液料比25∶1(m L/g),超声功率400 W,提取时间36 min,水仙饼茶总黄酮得率为3.125 mg/g与模型预测值3.136 mg/g基本一致。     

响应面法优化莲子低聚糖超声波辅助提取工艺

采用响应面分析法对超声辅助提取莲子低聚糖工艺参数进行优化.研究了超声波功率(300～500 W)、料液比(g/mL)1∶15～1∶25和提取时间(30～50 min)对超声辅助提取莲子低聚糖得率的影响,对实验数据进行回归分析,优化工艺参数.结果表明:超声辅助提取各试验因素对莲子低聚糖得率的影响次序为料液比超声波功率提取时间.优化所得莲子低聚糖超声波辅助提取较佳工艺参数为:超声波功率320 W,液料比1∶25,提取时间48 min,在该条件下,低聚糖得率为1.13%.与热回流提取法和微波辅助提取法相比,超声辅助提取法使莲子低聚糖得率分别提高66.18%和29.88%.     

基于2种分析方法优化枫香树叶总黄酮提取工艺

采用响应面设计(Response surface methodology, RSM)、遗传-神经网络模型(Genetic algorithm-artificial neural network, GA-ANN)2种分析方法对枫香树叶总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化.通过在单因素试验基础上,以超声功率、提取时间、乙醇浓度、液料比为考察因素,以总黄酮得率为指标,分别采用响应面法和遗传-神经网络法探寻枫香树叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.RSM优化得出的最佳提取工艺为：超声功率350 W、提取时间47 min、乙醇体积分数69%、液料比27∶1,此条件下枫香树叶总黄酮得率为3.12%.GA-ANN优化得到的最优结果为：超声功率350 W、提取时间45 min、乙醇浓度70%、液料比30∶1,此条件下枫香树叶总黄酮得率为3.28%.相比于RSM,GA-ANN优化所得的提取工艺效果更佳,可作为枫香树叶药材总黄酮的提取工艺优化方法.     

超声波提取薏苡仁中总黄酮工艺及抗氧化活性的研究

采用响应面法优化了薏苡仁中黄酮的超声波辅助乙醇提取工艺,同时对薏苡仁总黄酮的抗氧化活性进行了测定。在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比、超声功率为影响因素,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理设计四因素三水平试验,以黄酮得率为响应值进行响应面分析。研究结果表明,薏苡仁总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度85%、超声时间40 min、料液比1∶25(g:m L)、超声功率250 W。在此条件下,薏苡仁总黄酮提取得率为0. 53%,而所建模型的预测值为0. 57%,两者基本吻合,表明数学模型与实际情况能较好拟合。研究还发现薏苡仁总黄酮对DPPH自由基具有良好的清除作用,同时具有较强的抗氧化能力,两方面的活性强度都与薏苡仁总黄酮质量浓度呈量效关系。     

响应面法优化超声波水提马齿苋黄酮的工艺

为优化超声波辅助水提马齿苋黄酮的提取工艺.在超声提取温度、超声提取时间、液固比3个单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法(RSM法)优化马齿苋黄酮的超声辅助提取条件.利用中心组合设计,研究以上3个自变量对响应值马齿苋黄酮得率的影响,用SAS 8.1进行结果分析.结果表明:超声波辅助提取马齿苋黄酮的最佳工艺条件为超声温度73℃,超声时间49 min.液固比(mL:g)41:1;在此条件下黄酮得率为8.24 mg/g,与理论预测值的误差为2.02%,说明采用RSM法优化得到的提取条件可靠.     

山苍子油枯残渣核油提取工艺及成分分析

为开发利用山苍子油枯残渣核油，采用石油醚超声波直接提取残渣核油，分别考察了提取时间、超声功率和石油醚与山苍子油枯残渣粉末液料比对山苍子油枯残渣核油得率的影响。以单因素试验结果为依据，运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件设计Box-Behnken响应面并进行数据分析，进一步优化山苍子油枯残渣核油超声波直接提取工艺。结果表明，3个因素对核油得率的影响大小依次为液料比、超声功率、提取时间。最佳提取工艺为，提取时间9.99 min,超声功率306.39 W,液料比9.97∶1.00 (mL∶g),该条件下核油得率可达38.91%。通过验证试验发现，试验提取率为38.74%,与预测值相对标准偏差为0.11%,说明响应面优化的山苍子油枯残渣核油超声波直接提取工艺可靠。同时，对从残渣核油中提取得到的油脂进行分析，检测出11种脂肪酸成分，月桂酸含量占比34.27%。     

响应面法优化洋金花中东莨菪碱的提取

运用响应面法进行实验设计,对洋金花中东莨菪碱在超声提取过程中的各因素进行考察优化.采用HPLC法测定东莨菪碱的质量浓度,以盐酸浓度、提取时间、液料比为考察因素,东莨菪碱提取率为响应值,用Box-Behnken响应面法设计提取工艺实验,建立预测方程,优化提取工艺.结合实际可操作性,确定最佳提取条件为:盐酸浓度3 mol·L~(-1),提取时间43 min,液料比25 mL·g~(-1).实验结果显示,实际值与预测值的偏差为2.76%,相关性良好,说明对洋金花中东莨菪碱的提取进行响应面法优化合理可行.     

响应面法优化莽草酸微波辅助提取工艺

为优化八角茴香中莽草酸的微波提取工艺,在单因素实验基础上,选择微波提取时间、微波功率、液料比(mL/g)为自变量,莽草酸得率作为响应值,采用中心组合设计的方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对莽草酸提取的影响。采用响应面分析软件,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,并确定微波提取最佳工艺条件为时间19min、微波功率614W、液料比17.3∶1。在此条件下,莽草酸的平均得率为3.03％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that