不锈钢微结构电解抛光工艺研究与试验

为提高304不锈钢微结构的电解抛光加工质量,开展了不锈钢的电解抛光工艺分析与试验.首先根据不锈钢在电解抛光液中的极化曲线检测结果分析,选定抛光的电流密度为2.2 A/dm2.其次,设计正交因素分析法试验,研究不锈钢在不同电流密度、温度、抛光时间等工艺参数下电解抛光后的表面质量.试验结果表明:随着电流密度增加,表面粗糙度呈现先减小后增大的趋势;温度及抛光时间对表面粗糙度的影响规律与电流密度类似.在影响表面粗糙度的三个因素中,电流密度影响最大,温度次之,抛光时间最弱.最后,利用最佳电解抛光参数组合,加工出高表面质量的不锈钢微结构.     

含钛渣短流程直接制备钛及其合金

利用固体透氧膜(SOM)法直接由含钛渣还原制备金属钛及其合金。将粉态含钛渣压片制成阴极,以YSZ管内碳粉饱和的铜液为阳极,以1100℃电解温度、3.5V槽电压在CaCl2熔盐中电解,研究成型压力及电解时间对电解产物的影响,分析电解过程中的杂质行为。结果表明,随电解时间的延长,电解产物中的钛、铁含量不断增大,产物颗粒形貌趋于匀细疏松;对于铁钛渣,电解6h可获得钛铁合金;对于高钛渣,成型压力为3MPa时,电解4h可除去氧,电解6h可获得纯金属钛;较小成型压力下的多孔阴极有利于杂质元素的去除。     

CaCl2熔盐电解钛精矿制备TiFe合金

在CaCl2熔盐中,以通Ar气保护条件下经过熔融后再凝固的钛精矿作为阴极,进行电解制备钛铁合金,探讨电解过程中TiFe合金的形成机制。在电解电压为3.1V,电解温度900℃时,研究了电解时间对电解产物的影响。研究结果表明,实验室条件下,可以通过熔盐电解钛精矿的方法制备成分均匀的TiFe合金。钛精矿在电解过程中经历了优先生成Fe,然后逐步形成TiFe的合金化历程,中间产物包括CaTiO3、TiO2、Ti2O3、TiO、Fe、TiFe2,Ti的还原是分多步完成的。     

AZ31镁合金等离子体电解氧化工艺优化

利用四因素（Na2SiO3浓度、KOH浓度、电解氧化电压和电解氧化时间）,三水平的田口正交矩阵设计法优化工艺条件,并用动电位极化曲线扫描评价陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：镁合金等离子体电解氧化陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能受田口正交矩阵中各水平的影响显著,其中KOH的浓度影响最大;陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能的最优实验参数是：Na2SiO3浓度为20 g/L、KOH浓度为4 g/L、电解氧化电压为300 V和电解氧化时间为40 min。     

钛合金方孔电解加工多物理场耦合研究

为进一步提高电解加工的质量和精度,以钛合金方孔电解加工为对象,充分考虑了电解加工中电场、流场和温度场的相互影响关系,建立了钛合金方孔电解加工多物理场耦合模型,通过数值计算得到了多物理场耦合电解加工电位、深度、流速、气泡率和温度梯度的分布,探讨了各物理量随加工时间的变化规律,并开展了钛合金方孔电解加工试验,研究了不同的电解液入口压力对加工质量的影响规律.试验结果表明:电解加工是电场、流场和温度场相互耦合的过程;相同条件下不同加工时间的方孔轮廓实测值与理论计算值吻合得较好;随着加工时间的递增,加工的深度和锥角在变大,加工区域的流速降低、气泡率增加和温度梯度增大.     

基于电解法的模拟船舶柴油机废气脱硝实验研究

采用离子膜电解槽电解NaCl溶液,研究制备阳极酸性氧化溶液及其对模拟烟气中NO的脱除效果。分别研究了电流密度、电解时间、Na Cl浓度等因素对阳极酸性氧化溶液理化性能(TOS浓度、pH)的影响。结果表明:随着电流密度、电解时间、NaCl浓度的增加,阳极酸性氧化溶液中TOS浓度近乎呈线性增加。但随着电解时间增加,pH却迅速降低,并趋于稳定(1.5~2)。随着阳极酸性氧化溶液中TOS浓度的增加,NO脱除率明显提高;当TOS浓度为700 mg·L~(-1)时,NO脱除率达到50.4%。随着阳极氧化溶液初始pH的降低,NO脱除率明显增加,当pH为6时,NO脱除率为38%。     

铝液阴极法生产铝钙合金的研究

研究了在实验室条件下电解温度、阴极电流密度、电解时间和极距对熔盐电解法制取铝钙合金的电流效率的影响。当电解温度为690～710℃,阴极电流密度为0.8～0.9安/厘米~2时电流效率出现最大值,电解时间延长,电流效率降低,极距增加到一定值后电流效率变化不大。     

H型电解槽中苯的直接电氧化

在H型电解槽中, 以苯为原料, 硫酸为支持电解质, 二氧化铅为阳极, 石墨 为阴极, 直接电氧化合成对苯醌. 对阳极材料、 阴极材料、 支持电解质、 电流密 度、 pH值、 苯浓度、 电解温度、 电解时间和电极面积等诸多影响电解的因素进行了研究 , 确定了由苯直接电解合成对苯醌的最佳条件.     

电解池恒电位电源装置的线路

在电化学研究与生产中常常要求电极电位在相当时间内维持恒定,例如在指定的电位下进行电解(恒电位电解——特别是有机物的电解,电?量分析,分离),在指定电位下观察电流与时间的关系借以了解电极反应过程(恒电位充电曲线法)……等,在这些情况下采用恒电位电源装置不但使电位自动调节保持恒定而且稳定度高。文献上有过不少线路介绍但往往所须材料及线路均较     

镁合金的等离子体电解氧化工艺优化及膜的耐腐蚀性

为优化AZ31镁合金的等离子体电解氧化工艺,并对制得的陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能进行电化学动力学研究.利用四因素(Na_2SiO_3浓度、KOH浓度、电解氧化电压和电解氧化时间)、三水平的田口方法优化工艺条件,并采用动电位极化曲线扫描评价AZ31镁合金等离子体电解氧化陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:该陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能受田口正交矩阵中各水平的影响显著,KOH质量浓度对耐腐蚀性能的影响最大;耐腐蚀性能的最优实验参数为:Na_2SiO_3质量浓度20g/L,KOH质量浓度4g/L,电解氧化电压300V和电解氧化时间40min.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to