考虑螺栓扭矩分布的CFRP筋夹板式锚具极限抗拔力计算方法

利用灰色系统理论,研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋夹板式锚具紧固螺栓扭矩分布对锚固性能影响,对夹板式锚具第1～3排紧固螺栓(加载端-自南端)施加扭矩及总施加扭矩等参数进行关联分析.研究结果表明:第3排螺栓施加扭矩对于试件极限荷载的关联度最高,其后依次为总施加扭矩、第2排螺栓施加扭矩和第1排螺栓施加扭矩.最后,基于分...     

玻璃结构高强度螺栓连接试验及可行性分析

通过试验研究了玻璃结构高强度螺栓连接的可行性,确定了不锈钢螺栓合理的预拉力值.结果表明,不锈钢螺栓施加预拉力时需涂抹润滑剂以降低其扭矩系数,其中二硫化钼润滑效果最好,扭矩系数约0.15.垫片的材料对不锈钢螺栓预拉力的损失影响较小,不锈钢螺栓预拉力扭矩检查最佳时间为终拧25 h以后.玻璃结构高强度螺栓连接时应使用固化后硬度较小的胶粘结不锈钢板与铝垫片,避免玻璃应力集中破坏.抗滑移试验应使用引伸计确定试件的滑移时刻以计算抗滑移系数,玻璃的摩擦面酸蚀处理对试件的抗滑移系数有明显作用,抗滑移系数可达0.3.     

新型碳纤维板锚具设计及试验研究

针对传统CFRP板锚具易出现滑脱、劈裂等现象,螺栓提供的预紧力大小难以控制的问题,对传统锚具的结构形式做出改进。通过理论分析新型锚具的受力机理,为新型锚具的结构尺寸设计提供理论依据。利用有限元软件对不同参数CFRP板锚具进行受力模拟,得出锚具设计尺寸参数进行试验研究。研究结果表明：当夹板横向两侧位移为0.65mm时,锚具的最大锚固效率为89.37％,CFRP板发生爆炸式破坏;锚具夹板内曲面式设计可通过控制夹板位移有效控制预紧力大小,增强挤压效果。     

六角端面六角头螺栓扭矩系数理论计算

螺栓紧固件在工程中得到广泛应用,其扭矩系数反映了在拧紧过程中预紧力与扭矩之间的关系.目前螺栓扭矩系数的研究大多集中于圆环端面螺栓,对于其他端面类型螺栓的研究相对较少.通过受力分析,建立了六角端面六角头螺栓的力学模型.利用圆环端面扭矩的计算公式,推导出六角端面六角头螺栓预紧力与扭矩的关系,并给出扭矩系数的精确计算公式.然后采用拧紧试验机对不同尺寸螺栓的扭矩系数进行实验测量,将理论结果与实测结果相比较,结果表明,理论结果与实验结果相吻合.     

胶合木钢夹板螺栓连接节点的抗火性能

为研究我国常用树种胶合木钢夹板螺栓连接节点的抗火性能,进行了4个胶合木钢夹板螺栓连接试件的炭化速度试验,以及两组(共8个)胶合木钢夹板螺栓连接试件在不同持荷水平下的耐火极限试验.结果表明:钢夹板边缘内侧区域木材的炭化速度小于钢夹板边缘外侧区域,不同截面的水平向炭化速度小于竖向炭化速度,炭化速度随着受火时间的延长有降低的趋势;试件端距达到规范要求后,将端距从7d增加到10d并不能明显提高耐火极限,耐火极限随着持荷水平的增加而明显降低;其他条件相同时,耐火极限试件升温快于炭化速度试件.     

改进型碳纤维增强复合材料筋复合式锚具的锚固性能

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋锚具的结构形式及主要设计参数对锚固性能的影响,设计2个复合式锚具及3个改进型复合式锚具,并进行静载拉伸试验;通过对比分析不同锚具的极限荷载、金属筒测点应变以及锚具最后整体破坏形式,研究改进型CFRP筋复合式锚具的锚固性能。结果表明:在不施加预紧力前提下,改进型复合式锚具螺母纵向紧固力可以有效避免夹片滑移,黏结材料种类对锚固过程稳定性有一定影响,但并不影响最终锚固效果,筋材表面形式对锚具锚固性能影响较大;当金属筒厚度为3 mm、黏结长度为250 mm、夹片长度为100 mm时,带肋CFRP筋为中间炸裂式破坏,充分发挥了CFRP筋的抗拉特性,表明改进型CFRP筋复合式锚有良好的锚固性能。     

叠合楼板结合面剪切试验

目的研究混凝土叠合板结合面的水平剪力,为叠合楼板桁架钢筋布置计算提供参考.方法对进行拉毛处理与光面未拉毛处理的试件进行结合面受剪承载力试验研究,得出新旧混凝土结合面抗剪强度试验值;计算叠合板在满足抗剪强度条件下的桁架钢筋合理布置间距.结果试件的结合面积为1 000 mm×1 000 mm,通过千斤顶加载到500 k N时,结合面没有任何错动现象;试件的结合面积为200 mm×300 mm,加载通过500 t压力机进行,表面拉毛试件在压力施加到183 k N发生的破坏,表面未拉毛试件在压力施加到110 k N发生的破坏.结论叠合板新旧混凝土结合面的抗剪强度,拉毛处理结合面强度为3.0 MPa,光面未拉毛结合面抗剪强度为1.8 MPa.实际工程中,小于9 m跨度的叠合楼板可不需要设置抗剪桁架钢筋.假设结合面粘结失效,计算仍能满足水平抗剪强度要求的桁架钢筋设置情况.叠合楼板跨度小于3.0 m时,腹筋直径选用4 mm,布置间距可选用600 mm;腹筋直径选用5 mm,布置间距可选用1 000 mm.     

考虑风载作用的绝缘穿刺线夹多物理场耦合研究

绝缘穿刺线夹是电力线路架设中最常用的设备之一，随着电力行业的快速发展，对线夹的可靠性、耐热性提出了更高的要求。文章针对绝缘穿刺线夹在实际工作中由于载流量大、电压高、散热条件差等造成的失效问题，开展线夹接触电阻的测量实验，并建立线夹电热力多场耦合有限元模型，考虑风载作用施加合理的热边界条件和循环振动载荷，分析不同安装扭矩对线夹温度及应力分布的影响。研究结果表明，线夹安装扭矩越大，接触电阻、温升及最大应力波动幅度越小，尤其是安装扭矩在24～28 N·m时，线夹最大应力波动幅度骤降，缓解了线夹的疲劳寿命。该文研究成果为绝缘穿刺线夹在实际应用中施加合适的预紧力提供理论依据，优化了线夹的服役性能和疲劳寿命。     

加载制度对螺栓球节点组合试件低周疲劳性能的影响

为了研究加载制度不同对螺栓球节点组合试件低周疲劳性能的影响,采用4种加载制度对8个相同试件进行轴向往复加载低周疲劳试验,研究了螺栓球节点在不同加载制度下的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、累积耗能以及承载力退化规律。结果表明：在不同加载制度下,螺栓球节点组合试件的破坏形态基本相同,破坏发生在中间螺栓球节点处,经历了弯曲失稳、高强螺栓产生裂纹、裂纹扩展直到最终发生断裂等过程,破坏螺栓有颈缩现象,所有螺栓的螺纹丝扣均有较严重变形与磨损,超低周疲劳寿命很短;加载制度对试件超低周疲劳性能影响显著;试件的滞回曲线为捏拢类型、不饱满、不对称、耗能能力较小;不同加载制度的试件骨架曲线,无论受拉还是受压均基本重合,因损伤积累过程不同断裂点会有所不同;螺栓球节点的抗弯刚度很弱,在所连接的杆件弯曲时会诱发螺栓的折断,引起结构的连续破坏。     

CFRP筋粘结式楔型锚具锚固性能分析

为研究CFRP筋粘结式楔型锚具锚固性能及其影响因素,对12套CFRP筋粘结式楔型锚具进行静载试验,以锚具内倾角和锚固长度为变化参数,获取锚具试件荷载—滑移全过程曲线,推出锚具内部CFRP筋与环氧树脂砂浆界面粘结—滑移本构模型。研究表明:增大锚具内倾角和锚固长度可提高锚具极限荷载,平均粘结强度随锚具内倾角的增大呈增大趋势,临界锚固长度随试件锚具内倾角的增大呈减小趋势,采用回归公式计算的平均粘结强度值与试验实测值比较接近;锚固长度是影响界面粘结剪切刚度的主要因素;锚固长度和锚具内倾角可一定程度提高界面抗滑移能力,损伤发展后期,锚固长度越大,损伤速率越慢;推导出的锚具内CFRP筋与环氧树脂砂浆的粘结—滑移本构关系模型适用性较好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.