Purification and relationship with gastric disease of a 130 kDa（CagA） protein of Helicobacter pylorl

Objective:The aims of this research were to purify and identify the 130 kDa(CagA) protein of H.pylori clinical isolate HP97002 and evaluate the relationships between the purified 130 kDa(CagA) pro-tein and gastric diseases.Methods:The procedure for isolating the protein included 6 mol/L guanidine ex-tract,size exclusion chromatography and elusion from gel.Sera of 68 patients with gastric diseases(44 with chronic gastritis,15 with atrophic gastritis,7 with peptic ulcer disease,2 with gastric cancer) were obtained,and the serological response to CagA was studied by Westem-blot using the purified protein,Results;The pu-rified protein was 130 kDa and preserved good antigenicity and revealed basic isoelectric point about of 8.1. Among 68 sera,43 sera could recognize the purified protein associated with chronic agastritis 47.7%(21/44),atrophic gastritis 86.7%(13/15),peptic ulcer disease 100%(7/7),gastric cancer 100%(2/2).Compared with each other,the difference was significant(x^2=13.327,P=0.004),and 130 kDa(CagA) protein was associated with severe gastric diseases(rs=0.442,P=0.001).Conclusion:The 130 kDa(CagA) protein was associated wih severe gastric diseases.     

Electroporation Transfection as an Effective Tool to Trace Transplanted NSCs in Adult Central Nervous System

Neural stem cells, which are clonogenic cells with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, are currently considered as powerful candidates for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson‘s disease. A key issue is whether stem cells can survive, migrate and differentiate following transplantation into the adult central nervous system. This research shows that enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid electreporation transfected neural stem cells can functionally differentiate in vitro and that most of the EGFP-positive cells can survive and migrate towards the damaged areas when transplanted into the brain of a Parkinson‘s disease model rat. The results suggest an effective and maneuverable tracing tool to detect whether transplanted neural stem and progenitor cells function in the adult brain in vivo.     

Shock tube study on auto-ignition characteristics of kerosene/air mixtures

Ignition delay times are obtained for kerosene/air mixtures behind the reflected shock waves at temperatures between 1445 and 1650 K,at a pressure of 0.11 MPa and an equivalence ratio of 1.0.A nebulization device with Laval nozzle is used to nebulize kerosene and form an aerosol phase,which evaporates and diffuses rapidly behind the incident shock waves.Mixtures auto-ignite behind the reflected shock waves.An ICCD is used to visualize the kerosene/air mixture’s ignition characteristics.The mixture’s ignition intensity increases with increase in initial temperature.Continuous and irregular flames exist below 1515 K while plane and discontinuous flames exist over 1560 K.Ignition delay times decrease with increase in initial temperature.Experimental data shows good agreement with results reported previously in the literature.A new surrogate (consisting of 10% toluene,10% ethylbenzene and 80% n-decane) is proposed for kerosene.Honnet et al.’s mechanism is used to simulate the ignition of kerosene with calculations agreeing well with the experimental data.The sensitivity of reaction H+O2 <=>OH+O,which shows the highest sensitivity to the ignition delay time,increases with an increase in temperature.The chain breaching reaction of CH3 with O2 accelerates the total reaction rate and the H-atom abstraction of n-decane controls the total reaction rate.The rate of production and instantaneous heat production indicate that two reactions,H+O2 <=>OH+O and O+H2 <=>OH+H,are the key reactions to the formation of OH radicals,as well as the main endothermic reaction.However,the reaction of R3 is the main heat release reaction during ignition.Flame structure analysis shows that initial pressure is increased slightly as CO and H2O will appear before main ignition.     

Prediction of Perceived Air Quality for Personalized Ventilation Systems

The characteristics of the air jet from the outlet of a personalized ventilation system were related to the perceived air quality and ventilation rate. The perceived air quality was expressed as percentage of dissatisfied people for a system supplying isothermal fresh air. The relationship was verified using a thermal manikin with a breathing function in a climate chamber sitting by a desk equipped with a personalized ventilation system. A trace gas was introduced into the climate chamber and fully mixed. The personal exposure effectiveness (ep) is based on concentrations of trace gas in the chamber and in the manikin nose which is affected more by the distance between the movable outlet and the occupant‘s breathing zone than by the personalized air flowrate and does not change much for the personalized air flowrate higher than 10 L/s when the distance is fixed. Some predicted dissatisfied values for a personalized ventilation system compared with those acquired in human subject experiments have an absolute difference of less than 3%.     

Spatial epidemiology of networked metapopulation: an overview

An emerging disease is one infectious epidemic caused by a newly transmissible pathogen, which has either appeared for the first time or already existed in human populations, having the capacity to increase rapidly in incidence as well as geographic range. Adapting to human immune system, emerging diseases may trigger large-scale pandemic spreading, such as the transnational spreading of SARS, the global outbreak of A（H1N1）, and the recent potential invasion of avian influenza A（H7N9）. To study the dynamics mediating the transmission of emerging dis- eases, spatial epidemiology of networked metapopulation provides a valuable modeling framework, which takes spatially distributed factors into consideration. This review elaborates the latest progresses on the spatial metapopula- tion dynamics, discusses empirical and theoretical findings that verify the validity of networked metapopulations, and the sketches application in evaluating the effectiveness of disease intervention strategies as well.     

The Charms of Forrest Gump

From esthetic value, on the basis of human nature, this thesis intends to explore in what way Forrest Gump goes along with so many people‘s sensibilities and therefore wins the admiration of the public. The paper first gives an introduction to the film, then it focuses on exploring Gump‘ s philosophy of life from different aspects of the film, such as the symbolic meaning of the feather and running, the subtle romance between Gump and Jenny, Gump‘s intense loyalty to friend-ship, a consciousness of destiny and so on, which contribute to Gump‘s successful life, This paper ends with the scoring song “blowing in the wind” which reveals one of the themes of the film and it offers its readers with a spacious imagination of life.     

Progress in crystallization of major histocompatibility complex class I in vertebrates

The major histocompatibility complex(MHC)of proteins that exists in all vertebrates is encoded by a cluster of genes associated with the immune response and related functions.MHC is divided into MHC I,II,and III;MHC I is involved in antigenic presentation,binding T cell receptors,and leading ultimately to specific cellular immune responses.The complicated functions of MHC I are determined by the nature of the complex.The crystal structure of MHC I has been solved for many animals,revealing the relationship between spatial structure and function.MHC I consists of an a heavy chain and a b2m light chain,both ligated non-covalently to a complex when a peptide is bound to the antigenic-binding groove.The a heavy chain is divided into an extracellular domain,a transmembrane domain,and an intracellular domain.The extracellular domain consists of sub-regions a1,a2,and a3.The a1 and a2 together form the antigenic-binding groove and bind antigenic peptides with 8–10 amino acid residues.MHC I can form a stable spatial structure;however,it should be noted that there are differences in the structure of MHC I among animal species,including anchored amino acids in binding peptides,binding sites,molecular distance,crystallization conditions,etc.Here,progress in determination of the crystal structure of human,mouse,chicken,non-human primate,and swine MHC I is described in detail.     

Molecular patterns of avian influenza A viruses

Avian influenza A viruses could get across the species barrier and be fatal to humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was an example. The mechanism of interspecies transmission is not clear as yet. In this research, the protein sequences of 237 influenza A viruses with different subtypes were transformed into pseudo-signals. The energy features were extracted by the method of wavelet packet decomposition and used for virus classification by the method of hierarchical clustering. The clustering results showed that five patterns existed in avian influenza A viruses, which associated with the phenotype of interspecies transmission, and that avian viruses with patterns C and E could across species barrier and those with patterns A, B and D might not have the abilities. The results could be used to construct an early warning system to predict the transmissibility of avian influenza A viruses to humans.     

The cultural connotations of animal idioms among different countries

From the day that human beings came into existence,people began to encounter all kinds of animals.The primitive beings at an early age lived only on what the nature offered them and they hunted wild animals with stone implements.Instead of the essential maigre food,they took their own-made implements to capture animals in order to maintain their life.Through years of struggle with animals,human beings are closely related to animals and many customs and idiomatic usages about animals have come into existence,which makes the special culture based on them appear and the emotions human beings show to those animals have got deepened.From what has been mentioned above,we can see that ecological culture about animals has much to do with human society.So it can be said that the culture of human society originates from ecological culture.Different nations have their own totem,that is to say,every nation has its own preference for animals.Some quality and character is often associated with some sort of animal,but these associations seldom or have nothing to do with science.These associated character or quality with animals differ in different countries.The paper mainly talks about some idioms about animals and their translation and the same or different associations reflected by these idioms under the different cultural environment between China and English language.Chapter One mainly talks about the different cultural connotation and translation of idioms relating to the same animals between Chinese and English.Chapter Two mainly talks about the same cultural connotation and translation of idioms relating to the same animals between Chinese and English.     

Mesencephalic Progenitors Can Differentiate into TH—Positive Neurons and Improve Dysfunction in PD Rats

This study investigated the possibility of using mesencephalic progenitors (MPs) in the treatment of Parkinson‘s disease (PD). MPs were prepared from El1-13 rats and proliferated in the serum-free medium with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for 10 days. Cells were then collected and implanted into the striatum only--single grafts, or simultaneously into the substantia nigra (SN) and the striatum--double grafts. Twelve weeks after transplantation, 1,1‘-dioctadecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil), a fluorescent dye, was microinjected into the ipsilateral striatum. The results show that double grafted MPs have more potent effects on rotational behavior than single grafted MPs. Injection of the retrograde tracer Dil into the striatum results in fluorescent-labeled cells within the intranigral grafts only in double graft subjects. These data suggest that MP transplants not only can improve rotational behavior, but also help to reestablish nigrostriatal connections, so that such transplants may become an efficient way of treating PD.     

1-C-(2 ''-Oxoalkyl)-Glycosides as Latent α, β-Unsaturated Conjugates. Synthesis of Aza-C-glycosides and Thio-C-Glycosides by an Intramolecular Hetero-michael Addition

1Introduction Aza-sugars, a class of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine and piperidine, are powerful glyco-processing enzyme inhibitors and potential therapeutics for the treatment of diabetic, cancer, viral infection and other diseases[1].For example, N-hydroxyethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (Miglitol) and N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (Zavestca)have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and type 1 Gaucher disease, respectively. Numerous synthetic methods towards azasugars have been developed[1,2] which include various reductive and double-reductive amination between an azido/amino group and carbonyl groups and SN2 substitutions by nucleophilic amine to epoxides, halides, and other leaving groups. Aza-C-glycosides, azasugars with a C-linked aglycon,which often possess improved inhibition specificity and membrane permeability, have been obtained from azasugars via an elimination reaction followed by the addition of organometallic reagent, and from properly constructed substrates by an intramolecular or intermolecular conjugate additions of nucleophilic amines[3,4]. One of the major limitations associated with these procedures, however, is the accessibility of the intermediates,which highly depend on the stereochemistry of the hydroxy groups of the starting material to achieve regio-selective protection. Therefore, an easy access to molecules with both amine and α ,β-unsaturated ester (ketone) functionalities is desired.     

Study on the Spreading of Environmental Impact of Human Being＇s Activities and Its Crucial Factors in Upper Minjiang River

This paper focuses on the historical transition of human being‘‘s activities and the eco-environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. The history is divided into 4 periods, each with its own feature.During the period of nomad immigration, the top-line of the subalpine forest was forced downward by the expanding subalpine meadow. During the period of farming nationality immigration, the bottom-line of middle mountain forest had moved upward forced by the needs for land or timber of the increasing population in the valley basin. During the period of the early exploiting, the focus resource was the timber. The total output was limited, comparing with the later period, because of the bad accessibility.But it was large enough to impact the forest ecosystem of the deforesting area. The recent 50 years is the crucial period of economic development and eco-environment degradation. This paper points out that the impact of human being‘‘s activities for environment lies on 3 factors: 1) physical features control the location and tendency eco-environmental change;2) population and productivity control the scale and speed of eco-environmental change; 3) regional accessibility controls the time and location of eco-environmental change.     

Prospects for Future Application of Fugacity Model to Fate Studying of POPs in China

POPs can stay long enough to diffuse and transfer sufficiently in the environment. Researches indicate that it‘s inadequate to study POPs‘ fate and environmental behavior, in order to get comprehensive knowledge of the POPs‘‘ fate and transfer processes in an area, experiment should be combined with model simulation. Recently multimedia models have become the primary choice in simulating organic pollutant‘‘s fate and assessing exposure risk to ecosystem for they can nearly represent the real environment. Among all models,with simple structure, less required parameters, fngacity model has been an efficient tool used widely on simulating the fate and transport of POPs and put into practice in many countries and areas successfully. On the basis of achievements in scientific research, this paper will emphatically take up the following three questions one by one that consist of fngacity model‘‘s principle, pivotal questions and application prospects in China,     

H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells

A solid oxide electrolysis cell （SOEC） is an environmental-friendly device which can convert electric energy into chemical energy with high efficiency. In this paper, the progress on structure and operational principle of an SOEC for co-electrolyzing H2O and CO2 to generate syngas was reviewed. The recent development of high temperature H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis from solid oxide single electrolysis cell was introduced. Also investigated was H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis research using hydrogen electrode-supported nickel （Ni）-yttria-stabilized zirconia （YSZ）/YSZ/Sr-doped LaMnO3 （LSM）-YSZ cells in our group. With 50 % H2O, 15.6 % H2 and 34.4 % CO2 inlet gas to Ni- YSZ electrode, polarization curves （I- U curves） and electrochemical impedance spectra （EIS） were measured at 800 ℃ and 900 ℃. Long-term durability of electrolysis was carried out with the same inlet gas at 900 ℃ and 0.2 A/cm2. In addition, the improvement of structure and development of novel materials for increasing the electrolysis efficiency of SOECs were put forward as well.     

Interaction of Stathmin-Like 2 Protein with the APP Intracellular Domain

Amyloid precursor protein （APP） plays a critical role in the formation of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. The intracellular domain APP （AID） was suggested to cause neurotoxicity in the nucleus. To investigate the functions AID, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed to identify the proteins which interact with AID. The human brain cDNA library was screened using pGBKT7-AID as a bait, and several positive clones were identified. One of them encodes a part of the human stathmin-like 2 protein （STMN2）. The interaction between STMN2 and APP implies that STMN2 may have an important function in APP-mediated AD formation.     

CH4 retrieval from hyperspectral satellite measurements in short-wave infrared: sensitivity study and preliminary test with GOSAT data

One of the important science requirements of monitoring atmospheric methane abundances from hyperspectral measurements is to establish a highly accurate retrieval algorithm.This paper aimed to describe a retrieval algorithm based on a series of sensitivity study with an effective and accurate forward model,which was applied to realize online calculation of absorption coefficient and backscattered solar radiance.The sensitivity study consisted of band selection,interference factors analysis,and retrieval model construction.The band selection analysis indicated that the 1.65 lm band(5,900–6,150 cm-1)associated with the 2.06 lm band(4,800–4,900 cm-1)retained more than 90%of the information content of CH4,CO2,and temperature,and more than 85%of that of H2O in the retrieval.Investigation of the interference factors showed that H2O,temperature,and CO2will cause unacceptable errors if they are not revised.This also showed that revising temperature and H2O with a profile model is more efficient than with a temperature offset and a H2O scale factor model.A preliminarily test using the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite Level 1B spectral data indicated that most of the retrieval errors were less than 1%,which is acceptable for methane flux estimation.     

Separation and analysis of the soluble trimer of Aβ1-40 and its effects on the rise in intracellular calcium

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein conformational transition, generally known as protein conformational disorders[1]. The general characteriza- tions of AD are the intracellular fibrillar…     

Regional Δ<Superscript>14</Superscript>C patterns and fossil fuel derived CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> distribution in the Beijing area using annual plants

The level of atmosphericΔ14C and the fossil fuel derived CO 2 concentration in the Beijing area from May to September,2009, were systematically analyzed based on radiocarbon(14C)measurements of annual plants by accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS). The results show that the maximumΔ14C in Beijing was 29.6‰±2.2‰,and the minimum was–28.2‰±2.5‰,with a trend of decreasingΔ14C from the outer suburbs to inner suburbs to the urban center.This trend correlates well with increases in fossil fuel derived CO2 caused by human activities such as population density,industrial emissions and traffic,with lower values of atmosphericΔ14C associated with more intensive human activities.The fossil fuel derived CO 2 concentrations from May to September, 2009,ranged from 3.9±1.0 ppm to 25.4±1.0 ppm.It was calculated that each additional 1 ppm of CO2 from fossil fuels depleted the atmosphericΔ14C by approximately 2.70‰.This study suggests that 14C measurements of annual plants by AMS provide an effective method to rapidly trace fossil fuel derived CO2.     

A novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in HL-60 and K562 cells

Human thioredoxin reductase （TrxR） system is associated with cancer cell growth and anti-apoptosis process. Effects of 1,2-[bis（1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3（2H）-ketone）]ethane （BBSKE）, a novel TrxR inhibitor, were investigated on human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and K562. BBSKE treatment induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in both cell lines. Apoptosis induced by BBSKE is through Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-3 pathways. Ehrlich＇s ascites carcinoma-bearing mice were used to investigate the anti-tumor effect of BBSKE in vivo. Tumor-bearing mice treated with BBSKE showed an increase of life span with a comparable effect to cyclophosphamide （CTX）. These results suggest a potential usage of BBSKE as a therapeutic agent against non-solid tumors.     

Adeno-associated virus-mediated integration and expression of human P-globin gene with the core fragment of locus control region in erythroid cells

To improve the integration stability and expression of the transferred human p-globin gene, the two recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing the human [3-globin gene with a single or multiple DNase I hypersensitive site (HS) core fragment of the LCR were constructed. These recombinants were respectively introduced into MEL cells via AAV-mediated gene transfer to investigate their integration and expression. The results suggested that following AAV vector-mediated gene transfer, the human [3-globin gene with the multiple HS core fragment of the LCR could steadily integrate into MEL cells and confer an expression level comparable with endogenous mouse a-globin gene.