煤显微组分表面含氧官能团的XPS分析

氧原子作为煤中最丰富的杂原子,C-O官能团的形态对煤的性质有重要影响。为了研究煤岩显微组分的含氧官能团,对手选高纯度镜质组和惰质组进行了XPS分析和化学计算。结果表明,煤岩组分的元素组成以C、O为主,含少量的N和无机矿物元素。其中的氧主要以-OH、-O-、COO-和SiO_2形式存在。C-C、C-H、C-O单键和COO-是碳的主要存在形式。镜质组中的脂肪族侧链和-OH基团较多;惰质组中-O-的原子浓度明显高于镜质组,而COO-略多于镜质组。镜质组表面总极性含氧官能团数量更多。研究结果有助于全面认识煤的结构和性质。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯合成中醚键生成的研究 1.聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯合成中醚键生成的规律

序言酯交换法聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(以下简称 PET)的合成中,伴随有 PET 主键中形成醚键的副反应,醚键的形成(～()—C()O—O—CH_2CH_2OCH_2CH_2—O—C()O—()～),使原有 PET 大分子规整的化学结构受到破坏,从而降低大分子之间作用力,造成聚合物熔点下降,在 PET 中含有1%克分子的二甘醇(以下简称 DEG)就能降低熔点2.2度。PET 中醚键(即二甘醇链段的存在还会对聚合物的耐热,耐氧化,耐光性有着不利的影响,从而会导致所制成纤维产品质量的下降,所以探讨醚键在 PET 合成中的生成规律,控     

基于官能团演化特性的煤氧化动力学研究

为了深入研究煤自燃微观结构的动力学特征,利用同步热分析和原位傅里叶变换红外光谱技术测试顾北烟煤氧化过程中重量与官能团随温度的变化规律。通过Achar微分法与Coast-Redfern积分法相结合对官能团进行动力学计算,并采用Bagchi法推断了最概然机理函数。结果表明:煤氧升温过程呈阶段性变化规律,分为低温失重阶段、吸氧增重阶段、慢化学反应阶段、燃烧阶段和燃尽阶段。煤结构中主要官能团—OH,CO,—CH2,C—H与CC键在各阶段体现出不同氧化特性,在低温失重阶段—OH,—CH2与C—H键参与反应所需要的活化能与遵循动力学模型不同,而CO与CC键结构稳定不易参与反应,从吸氧增重阶段至燃烧阶段,官能团逐渐被激活与氧气发生反应,燃尽阶段官能团基本耗尽。官能团动力学计算结果揭示了煤自燃是各类官能团遵循不同的动力学模型逐步活化的过程。     

酰胺导向Rh催化C—H键官能团化反应

过渡金属催化的C—H键直接官能团化是构建C—C键和C—X(O,S,N等)键的新策略,目的是提供替代的、环保的、高效的途径构建C—C和C—杂键.其中酰胺导向Rh催化C—H活化官能团化引起了人们广泛关注,近年来该领域的研究已成为热点.该文综述了该策略在有机合成领域的研究进展,主要包括酰胺导向Rh催化C—H键烯、炔基化、芳基化、活化/环化和胺化反应.     

1,1,1-三甲胺基甲酰亚胺分子结构的量化计算

采用量子化学中的DFT/B3LYP和MP2方法研究了1,1,1-三甲胺基甲酰亚胺HC(＝O)N^-N⁺(CH₃)₃的分子结构,在计算得到的平衡几何构型基础上进行了分子轨道(MO)和自然键轨道(NBO)计算。通过几何构型全优化,发现该分子存在Z型(顺式)和E型(反式)2种异构体,2种异构体中都存在一个对称平面,胺基酰亚胺官能团C(＝O)N^-N⁺位于这个对称平面上。分子的几何结构参数及MO和NBO分析都表明在这2种异构体中,N^-的p轨道孤对电子都与羰基π键存在很强的共轭效应,Z型异构体中存在2个强度较弱的分子内氢键O…H—C。由分子总能量、离域π键的强度和H键可以表明Z型异构体比E型异构体更稳定。     

大佛寺4~#煤水热处理结果对煤润湿性的指示意义

为核定低煤阶镜煤和暗煤的润湿性及主要控制因素,采集大佛寺4~#煤样品并剥离出镜煤和暗煤,进行显微组分分析、工业分析、接触角测定、吸水速率测定、核磁共振测试,并测定不同温度水热处理后样品工业组分、元素含量,分析水热处理煤的分子结构变化,明确镜煤和暗煤的润湿性差异及主要控制因素。结果表明大佛寺4~#煤镜煤相较于暗煤,镜质组、壳质组含量高,挥发分、水分高,而惰质组、矿物质含量低、灰分低,并且H、O含量较高。镜煤和暗煤均表现亲水性,但暗煤的灰分更高,润湿性更好,自由水/结合水呈过渡态,灰分是影响大佛寺4~#煤润湿性的关键因素。水热处理温度增高,煤的灰分、水分、挥发分皆下降,H/C变化不大,O/C降低。煤的低温水热提质本质是减弱煤分子间二级结构的缔合作用,促进灰分重力沉降和羟基等含氧官能团分解脱除,增强煤的疏水性。     

稀有气体原子插入炔烃中C-H键的理论研究

采用B3LYP方法在6-311++G**基组(Ar,Kr,Xe采用DZVP全电子基组)水平上对稀有气体原子X(X=Ar,Kr,Xe)插入乙炔(C2H2)、丙炔(C3H4)、丁二炔(C4H2)中的C—H键进行了量子化学理论研究.优化得到了9种含稀有气体原子的化合物,插入稀有气体原子后体系的能量升高367.83～604.65kJ/mol.电子密度拓扑研究表明:新形成H—X和X—C化学键的键鞍点处的电子密度与相应的正常氢键的相当,因此引入X原子后的化合物的稳定性较差;C—H键插入X原子后,激活了乙炔、丙炔、丁二炔官能团上的反应活性.     

O（^3p）原子与丙酮和3.3—2甲基—2—丁酮化学反应动力学研究

用流动微波放电—化学发光方法测定O(~3p)原子与CH_3COCH_3和CH_3COC(CH_3)_3的化学反应速率常数k=3.37±1.00×10~(-12)exp(-7.03±0.22kcal.mol~(-1)/RT) (丙酮 0(~3p),T=373-503K)和k=4.61±2.60×10~(-11)exp(-5.46±0.44kcal·mol~(-1)/RT) (3.3-2甲基-2-丁酮 O(~3p),T=303-503K)并就测定的O(~3p)原子与一系列酮分子反应速率常数进行了讨论,估算了O(~3p)原子与各类C—H键反应速率的Arrhenius参数。发现与羰基相邻的C—H键与O(~3p)反应的活化能要略大于非相邻的同类键反应的活化能。还根据Evans-Polanyi关系式,对这些键的键能进行了讨论。     

用钌离子催化氧化法研究干酪根及其显微组分的化学结构

用钌离子选择性催化氧化法研究了茂名油页岩干酪根、山西蒲县藻煤藻类体、长广树皮煤的树皮体以及山西繁峙褐煤镜质组的化学结构。研究结果表明 ,茂名油页岩干酪根和蒲县藻煤藻类体的化学结构均以醚 /酯键形式交联的中等链长的脂链结构为主 ,繁峙褐煤镜质组中的芳香结构仍保留着木质素基本结构单元的单环结构 ,同时含有丰富的脂族化合物。这些脂族化合物可能来自这一富氢显微组分中的超微类脂体。长广树皮煤中树皮体以少于 4个环的稠环化学结构为主 ,由小于C12 的脂链交联成大分子     

二氟甲烷与氧原子大气反应机理的计算研究

采用QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2/6-311G(d,p)双水平方法对CH_2F_2+O(~3P)反应机理进行研究,并运用自然键轨道分析(NBO)法获得消氟与消氟化氢通道中过渡态的电荷分布。研究表明,标题反应存在氢抽提(R1)、氟抽提(R2)、消氟(R3)与消氢(R4)4类通道,各通道的反应能分别为11.1、304.0、78.5和31.3kJ/mol,对应的能垒分别为54.6、351.6、246.8和279.4kJ/mol。与CH_3F+O(~3P)及CHF3+O(~3P)反应显著不同,标题反应存在消氟通道,这与过渡态TS3中电负性大的F2原子处于不对称位置密切相关,TS3中来自F2对H1原子的吸引力,使得O原子对H1的吸引作用超过了F1与H1的吸引力,从而促使消氟反应的进行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to