反相悬浮丙烯酸钾三元共聚过程及结构表征

采用反相悬浮法合成高吸水聚丙烯酸盐共聚物P(KAA_AM_NAM),利用电导、像衬光学显微镜对反相悬浮聚合反应过程进行了研究,并采用红外和热重分析对树脂的分子结构和稳定性等进行了表征.结果表明,反相悬浮聚合体系反应过程是由油包水到油水连续相互相贯穿,最后到水凝胶和油相共存的状态.树脂的红外光谱分析显示树脂中存在大量亲水性基团,由热分析得知,其热分解温度约为420℃,热稳定性良好.     

丙烯酸钾反相悬浮共聚合过程中的相转变

用电导率仪、像衬光学显微镜对共聚体系反相悬浮聚合反应过程进行了研究,试验结果表明:反相悬浮聚合共聚体系反应过程是由油包水到油水连续相互相贯穿,最后到水凝胶和油相共存的状态。     

高吸水性树脂的制备及其表征

采用反相悬浮聚合法制备丙烯酸钾-丙烯酸(PKAA)共聚物,研究了中和度、单体浓度、引发剂用量等因素对聚合过程及产物吸水性的影响。实验表明,在单体的质量分数为50%、丙烯酸中和度为80%、引发剂质量为单体质量的0.071%的条件下,所得树脂的吸水率最高。利用显微摄影、红外光谱、热失重分析等对树脂的表面形态、分子结构和热稳定性进行了表征,树脂的红外光谱分析显示树脂中存在大量亲水性基团,由热分析得知,其热分解温度约为380℃,热稳定性良好。     

辉光放电等离子体引发制备丙烯酸酯类高吸油树脂及其性能研究

用辉光放电等离子体引发悬浮聚合法制备了丙烯酸酯类高吸油树脂,用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产品的结构、热稳定性和表面形貌进行了表征,对放电参数、交联剂的量进行了考察和讨论,同时研究了吸油速率和吸油动力学.结果表明,此法制备的高吸油树脂具有较高的吸油倍率和较快...     

膨润土/聚丙烯酸钠超吸水性复合材料的表征

采用反相悬浮聚合法,制备出吸水率为1 300倍的膨润土/聚丙烯酸钠超吸水性复合材料. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(IR)和热分析(TG)等对样品进行表征和分析. 结果表明,膨润土在聚合过程中除了层间距有所增大外,基本结构不变,但分散度提高;超吸水性复合材料的热稳定性提高,进一步证明超吸水性复合材料中存在结合水和非结合水,且存在交联网状结构.     

玉米淀粉接枝高吸水树脂的制备研究*

淀粉接枝高吸水性树脂是一种带有吸水基团的网状结构高分子聚合物,是近年来国内外广泛开发研究的新型功能材料之一。以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,环己烷为连续相,过硫酸钾(KPS)作为引发剂,在氮气保护下采用反相悬浮聚合法合成高吸水性树脂微球。红外光谱法(FTIR)表明产物为淀粉接枝AA/AM高吸水树脂。通过正交试验探讨了各种因素对树脂吸液率的影响。结果表明较适宜工艺条件是:玉米淀粉用量为10%,引发剂用量为0.2%,交联剂用量为0.3%,分散剂用量为2%。通过显微镜(SEM,TEM)和热重(TGA)探讨了接枝高吸水树脂的外形和热稳定性。结果表明树脂微球粒径大多分布在100μm上下,且热稳定性良好。同时探讨了温度对淀粉接枝高吸水树脂保水能力的影响,结果表明高吸水树脂有良好的保水性能。     

氯乙烯悬浮聚合添加剂对CPVC树脂热稳定性能的影响

本文通过在PVC悬浮聚合中加入界面阻聚剂、表面活性剂、沉淀剂聚合成不同类型的氯化专用PVC树脂,并研究这3种添加剂对气固相法氯化得到的CPVC树脂热稳定性能的影响。实验结果表明:三乙醇胺界面阻聚剂的增加改善了树脂内部聚集态和皮膜情况,使PVC树脂表观密度不变同时吸油率增加,PVC树脂氯化后氯含量随之增加,树脂内部链段中结构单元中—CCl_2—逐渐增多,从而导致氯化后树脂的热稳定性降低;正戊烷沉淀剂含量的增加使PVC树脂内部空隙更丰富,树脂氯化较为充分,氯化后的树脂氯含量大幅度增加,树脂内部链段结构单元—CHCl—增加较多,从而提高了CPVC的热稳定性; SDBS类表面活性剂的增加提高了PVC树脂的表观密度而吸油率变化不大,氯化后CPVC树脂的氯含量提高不多,而—CCl_2—结构单元过多导致热稳定性降低。     

氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物在水相中的羧基功能化

利用水相悬浮聚合工艺制备了带有羧基官能团的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物.研究了马来酸酐与乙醇酯化反应温度、反应时间等条件对马来酸单乙酯产率的影响规律,马来酸酐酯化产物在水油混合相中的混溶实验表明马来酸单乙酯具有亲水、亲油性能.利用水相悬浮聚合将马来酸酐酯化物加入到氯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯中制得改性氯醋共聚物,随酯化物用量的增加,共聚物的平均粒径减小,酸值提高;同时,改性树脂涂膜后,涂层与铝基材间的附着力也相应提高.此外,FT-IR分析表明树脂中已成功引入羧基官能团.     

淀粉接枝高吸水性树脂的制备新方法

简要介绍了制备淀粉接枝高吸水性树脂的一种新聚合方法--反相悬浮聚合法,对淀粉在反应中的状态以及反相悬浮聚合中的主要影响因素做了着重叙述。     

反相悬浮聚合合成高吸水性树脂研究

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂．通过正交实验研究了反应单体浓度、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂、引发剂及反应温度对反相悬浮聚合产物性能的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.