聚丙烯与聚氨酯共混物结晶的研究

本文用解偏振光强度测定(DLI)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(PLM)及激光小角散射(SALS)等方法研究了聚丙烯(PP)与聚氯酯(PU)共混物的等温结晶动力学及其结晶形态。结果表明,共混物中PP的结晶过程可由Avrami方程很好地描述;Avrami指数n及全程结晶速率常数均与组成有关。部分非晶的PU作为成核剂参与PP的结晶过程;当PU含量高于20％时,由于其聚集成较大的颗粒,而对结晶起阻碍作用,PP的球晶形态也受到破坏。     

聚丙烯接枝乙烯醇结晶性能的研究

用DSC研究了PP，PP-g-VAc和两种不同醇解率PP-g-VOH的非等温结晶行为，以Reziorny修正的Avrami方程进行了动力学分析，用偏光显微镜观察了接枝物球晶形态的变化。研究结果表明：VOH接枝链可以有效地促进PP异相成核，导致Avrami指数n随醇解率增加而降低，结晶温度显著增加，结晶热焓增加；同时，由于VOH引入支链，降低了分子链的规整性，限制了PP排入晶格的速率，致使半结晶时间t_1/2和结晶速率Z_c常数降低。试样的偏光显微镜观察表明，PP-g-VAc的醇解率增加，球晶数目增多，直径减小，完善程度降低。     

不饱和结晶性聚酯的结晶行为研究

采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）测试一种不饱和结晶性聚酯的熔融温度,并使用Avrami方程和Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法分别对不饱和结晶性聚酯的等温结晶动力学和非等温结晶动力学进行研究,通过偏光显微镜对不饱和结晶性聚酯等温结晶后的结晶形貌进行了观察。结果表明：不饱和结晶性聚酯的熔点受升温速率的影响;等温结晶的温度越高,结晶速率也越大;晶体形貌为球晶;结晶性聚酯存在二次结晶,且随着相对结晶度的增大,结晶变得越来越困难。由于存在二次结晶,Ozawa法和Jeziorny法均出现偏移,而Mo法用于不饱和结晶性聚酯的非等温结晶动力学分析较为合适。     

聚乙烯环状条纹球晶的研究

研究了低结晶温度(过冷度>20℃),淬火介质对聚乙烯球晶形态的影响。结果表明,结晶温度在0～115℃时,可以生成环状条纹球晶,环间距随温度而异。某一温度下,淬火介质的热导率影响环状条纹球晶的形态。并就环状条纹球晶的形成机理提出见解。     

有机金属钯化合物对左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)结晶过程的影响研究

为寻找新型PLLA高温结晶成核剂,选取了氯化钯,双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(Ⅱ)和1,4-双(二苯基膦丁烷)二氯化钯等三种金属钯化合物加入左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)中,通过熔融共混制备了不同质量分数的PLLA/金属钯化合物共混物样品,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和X射线衍射(XRD),研究了有机金属钯化合物对PLLA结晶过程和晶体结构的影响.结果表明:双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(Ⅱ)、氯化钯对PLLA的结晶过程具有阻碍作用,而1,4-双(二苯基膦丁烷)二氯化钯对PLLA结晶具有促进作用.在降温结晶过程中,当1,4-双(二苯基膦丁烷)二氯化钯添加量为0.8%时,相对应的结晶峰值温度(Tc)从103.92℃升到126.57℃,结晶焓(△Hc)从31.52J/g增加到52.82J/g.考察了加入1,4-双(二苯基膦丁烷)二氯化钯后PLLA的等温结晶过程,采用Avrami方程计算出其n值在3~4之间,并通过POM和XRD测试表明其结晶形态属于三维生长的球晶,加入1,4-双(二苯基膦丁烷)二氯化钯后,PLLA晶体生长方式、晶体结构和晶型没有改变.研究结果表明:1,4-双(二苯基膦丁烷)二氯化钯可以作为一种新型PLLA结晶成核剂,但其成核机理有待于更进一步研究.     

成核剂对PBS结晶性能及力学性能的影响

运用差示扫描量热法、偏光显微镜和力学性能测试等分析手段,从晶形结构和宏观性能角度研究了4种成核剂对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)结晶行为及力学性能的影响.结果表明,成核剂的加入细化了PBS球晶尺寸,球晶规整均匀,且结晶温度向高温方向移动,其中BenLa使PBS结晶温度移动了9.16℃,而成核改性PBS的力学性能较纯PBS也有所改善.     

纳米凹凸棒对聚乳酸结晶行为的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了不同凹凸棒(Attapulgite,AT)含量的聚乳酸(PLA)/AT纳米复合材料.通过DSC研究了AT对PLA结晶行为的影响.结果显示,少量AT(≤3%)的加入使得PLA的冷结晶温度升高、高温熔融峰焓值下降,表明少量AT对PLA的结晶有抑制作用.当AT含量增加时(≥8%),PLA的冷结晶温度逐渐降低、高温熔融峰焓值逐渐增加,表明AT具有促进PLA结晶的能力.材料中,AT含量对PLA结晶能力有极大的影响.在379K进行等温结晶时,PLA的半结晶时间(t_(1/2))为4.47min;添加1%AT时,t_(1/2)增至5.63 min;而当添加8%AT时,t_(1/2)降低至3.98 min.同时,AT的加入使得PLA的结晶活化能E明显降低.在368~398K范围内,对PLA/AT纳米复合材料的熔体等温结晶动力学过程进行了分析.计算得到Avrami指数n为2.34~2.42,表明PLA主要以球晶形式生长.     

基于差示扫描量热法的费托蜡非等温结晶动力学

以滴熔点为113、104、92、83、78和73℃的6种窄馏分费托蜡为研究对象,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究其在不同冷却速率下的非等温结晶过程,应用Jeziorny法和莫志深法对结晶动力学参数进行理论预测,通过Kissinger方程计算非等温结晶活化能。结果表明：不同蜡样品的非等温结晶过程相似,并且结晶过程依赖于冷却速率;所采用的动力学模型与试验数据吻合良好,Avrami指数n平均值在1～2之间,说明结晶过程为二次成核,成核后生长形成棒状或纤维状晶体;蜡样品的非等温结晶活化能越小或冷却速率越快,越容易发生结晶。     

碳纳米管改性聚苯硫醚复合材料的等温结晶动力学研究

应用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和Avrami模型分析聚苯硫醚(PPS)/碳纳米管(CNT)复合材料的等温结晶行为,分别考察了PPS和复合材料的结晶动力学参数以及结晶活化能,揭示了PPS的等温结晶特性和少量CNT对PPS结晶行为的作用。结果表明：随着结晶温度的升高,复合材料的结晶速率逐渐下降,说明复合材料的结晶是以依热成核控制为主;少量CNT的加入降低了PPS的结晶活化能,明显提高了PPS的结晶速率,同时使成核方式发生转变;纯PPS的Avrami指数n约为4,结晶方式为均相成核,而复合材料的Avrami指数n约为3,转变为异相成核;成核方式的转变大大的提高了PPS的结晶速率。     

聚四氟乙烯非等温结晶动力学研究

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了一系列低分子量聚四(?)乙烯(PTFE)的非等温结晶过程,并以A.Jeziorny方法为基础,对其DSC降温结晶曲线进行处理.结果表明,PTFE的开始结晶温度T_0、结晶结束温度T_e.结晶峰温T_D和外推起始结晶温度T_c均随分子量的减小而降低,结晶热△H则随之增大。Avrami指数接近于2,非等温结晶速率常数Z。随分子量减小而减小,动力学结晶能力G_c和最大结晶速率常数K则随分子量的减小而增大。本文以高聚物分子链段运动理论和结晶速率理论为根据,结合PTFE的结构特征以及非等温结晶动力学各参数的表征的物理意义分析解释了上述实验结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.