风冷式热泵机组结构优化设计及散热性能研究

基于ANSYS ICEM软件对风冷式热泵机组进行物理建模和网格划分,在常规工况下利用Fluent软件对运行机组进行温度场及速度场仿真模拟,分析其散热过程。针对夏季高温,风冷式热泵机组散热效率低下的问题,设计一种辅助散热系统并进行结构优化,通过水帘预冷与雾化喷淋装置强化换热过程,提高散热效率、减少散热死区,并通过实验测试不同辅助装置对机组散热性能的影响。研究结果表明,增加辅助散热系统可有效提高机组散热效率。相同的室外空气状态下,在机组的散热性能和蒸发效率方面,雾化喷淋装置相比水帘预冷装置更具优势。     

后置客车发动机舱温度场试验

针对后置客车发动机冷却系统散热不良的情况,通过客车道路试验实测了后置发动机舱空间各点温度分布情况,并分析了温度场分布的原因.对比了在不同车速下百公里油耗和发动机舱温度场分布的关系,分析温度场分布随车速变化的规律.指出在保证冷却系统冷却能力的情况下,冷却空气流量与散热器散热量成正比.并利用场协同理论,分析发动机舱内流场和传热特性,指出发动机舱内布置要减少涡流并尽量使温度梯度与流动方向一致.     

空调冷凝器外环境喷雾冷却的数值模拟

当室外温度过高时,空调室外机组散热环境恶化,导致空调经济性降低.现采用在室外机组冷凝器上加装喷嘴进行水的喷雾冷却的方法,降低进入冷凝器的风温,改善冷凝器散热工况.通过CFD软件进行数值模拟,模拟不同水量、不同喷嘴角度的喷雾冷却对冷凝器外环境空气温度场以及对各点温度分布的影响.模拟结果表明,喷雾后冷凝器外环境温度降低,随着喷雾量、喷雾角度的增大,进风截面各点温度分布更为均匀,冷凝器散热能力得到提高.     

动力舱通风冷却性能仿真及其影响因素分析

针对某型直升机动力舱通风冷却系统,提出了一种简化的基于旋翼下洗流的动力舱通风冷却性能计算方法,利用商业CFD软件,计算了悬停状态下动力舱通风冷却系统性能,分析了湍流模型、旋翼下洗流以及发动机散热率等因素对动力舱温度场和排气引射器性能的影响.结果表明,不同湍流模型预测结果差别不大,旋翼下洗流和发动机散热率对动力舱通风冷却性能影响较大,研究结果为进一步研究飞行状态下动力舱通风冷却性能打下了基础.     

挤出塑料管定型冷却系统的瞬态传热分析

定型冷却在挤出塑料管的生产过程中至关重要,决定着塑料管生产线的长度和产品的质量.文中根据生产过程中塑料管外壁的温度数据,结合牛顿冷却定律和“夹逼法”,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件的瞬态热分析单元模拟了某挤出塑料管的定型冷却过程,得到了塑料管冷却工段3个喷淋冷却水槽的对流传热系数,以及塑料管在冷却过程的温度场变化图.在此基础上,对整个冷却系统进行了节能分析.结果表明:从单个冷却水槽能耗利用率的角度来讲,目前采用的操作条件所得到的对流传热系数已较为合理;但从整体的角度来讲,第3个冷却水槽在整个冷却过程中所起的作用太小,冷能浪费严重.     

基于Fluent和Workbench对盘式制动器的冷却性能分析

针对不同转速研究盘式制动器的流场和冷却性能,提出一种分析方案:首先通过Fluent对不同转速下制动器周围流场和散热特性进行数值模拟,再结合结果通过Workbench对给定制动能量需求达到稳态的温度场进行数值模拟.结果表明:随着转速提高,通过制动器的气流质量流量线性增加,制动盘表面对流换热系数增大,热负荷能力增强.     

车用甲醇发动机冷却系统的优化设计研究

六缸商用柴油发动机改成M100甲醇发动机,在保证发动机性能一致的前提下,在台架可靠性试验中因冷却系统散热问题出现了活塞环卡滞,活塞销发蓝,缸盖鼻梁区裂纹等故障。通过采用数值模拟方法对冷却系统进行分析,优化设计水套结构,提高缸体缸盖的冷却能力,通过更改气缸垫片水孔优化缸盖各缸水流量分配,增大水泵流量等一系列措施,改善冷却系统。分析结果表明,优化后的水套流速和缸盖散热能力大大改善。最后,通过发动机台架1000h耐久试验验证,解决了甲醇发动机的散热问题。     

车用甲醇发动机冷却系统的优化设计

六缸商用柴油发动机改成M100甲醇发动机,在保证发动机性能一致的前提下,在台架可靠性试验中,因冷却系统散热问题出现了活塞环卡滞、活塞销发蓝、缸盖鼻梁区裂纹等故障,通过采用数值模拟方法对冷却系统进行分析,优化设计水套结构,提高缸体缸盖的冷却能力。通过更改气缸垫片水孔优化缸盖各缸水流量分配,增大水泵流量等一系列措施,改善冷却系统。分析结果表明,优化后的水套流速和缸盖散热能力大大改善。最后,通过发动机台架1 000 h耐久试验验证,解决了甲醇发动机的散热问题。     

7000系铝合金厚板喷淋淬火的数值模拟与分析

固溶处理淬火工艺是获得高性能铝合金板的关键环节。笔者从导热微分方程入手,建立了温度场的数学模型。利用ANSYS有限元软件,分别对7000系合金厚板传统淬火工艺以及喷淋淬火工艺过程中的温度场进行了数值模拟,获得了瞬态温度场解和淬火冷却曲线,比较分析了两种淬火工艺温度场对冷却效果的影响。结果表明：7000系合金厚板的辊底式喷淋淬火工艺优于传统工艺,能够获得冷却强度大,所需时间短和均匀性好的效果。     

层流冷却方式对中厚板温度场影响的数值模拟

针对“首钢”中厚板轧后冷却设备的布置特点,在分析中厚板轧后冷却传热特点的基础上,利用有限差分法模拟了轧后不同层流冷却方式对中厚板温度场分布的影响.模拟结果表明:中厚板内外温差随着冷却速度的增加而加大;同等冷却速度下,为了达到相同的终冷温度,不同的层流冷却方式对中厚板厚度方向的冷却速度和温度分布产生重要的影响.为了达到相同的冷却速度,且在不加大中厚板内外温差的情况下,使喷淋冷却水变稀并且间断开启集管的方式是中厚板冷却的最佳方式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.