复发性尿道狭窄的手术治疗（附21例报告）

目的 探讨复发性尿道狭窄的手术方法。方法 对21例再次尿道成形术后的患者资料进行回顾性分析，根据狭窄部位和长度不同，对手术方法进行探讨。结果 治疗21例，18例再手术成功，有效率为85．7％。结论 重建术方法的选择取决于尿道狭窄段的部位和长度。后尿道狭窄、短的前尿道狭窄采取狭窄段切除端一端吻合术非常可靠；对于长的前尿道狭窄，皮瓣移植尿道成形术比较理想。     

前列腺等离子电切术后尿道狭窄的原因分析

目的:探讨经尿道等离子双极前列腺电切术(TuPKRP)后尿道狭窄的常见原因及预防措施.方法:对我院2002年11月-2005年5月行TuPKRP术后发生尿道狭窄的6例患者作回顾性分析.结果:6例患者术后1-12个月出现尿道狭窄.其中尿道外口狭窄3例,膀胱颈挛缩狭窄2例,前尿道中部1例.结论:TUPKRP术后尿道狭窄是一种比较常见的并发症,值得为每一位泌尿外科医生重视,手术时加以预防、术后密切随访和选择合适治疗方法是治愈和减少其发生的关键.     

用改进的Dukett‘s手术治疗小儿尿道下裂

通过５例小儿尿道下裂病例，用Ｄｕｋｅｔｔ’ｓ手术方式治疗，并作适当的改进，效果良好具体措施是：１．重建舟关窝，扩大尿道出口，减少排尿阻力。２．皮管与尿道斜吻合，增大吻合面，减少了吻合口狭窄发生。     

留置导尿后尿道狭窄

我院对6例老年男性患者留置导尿管后发生尿道狭窄病历报告如下：1 临床资料6例患者均为腹部手术后老年男性，年龄50—65，术后因不能自解小便，留置导尿时间为3—5天，采用18号硅胶气囊导尿管，拔出导尿管7—15天，患者出现排尿费力呈进行性加重，尿滴沥不尽，给竹林胺等药物治疗效果欠佳。15—32天（平均20天）后患者排尿困难明显加重，尿线直径0.2cm，尿后滴沥，但无明显尿不净感，检查发现尿道口狭窄，12号尿道扩张器不能通过，故行尿道造影、6例患者均为尿道外口狭窄，经尿道外口切开术后患者痊愈。2 讨论尿道狭窄主要有以下三类：先天…     

输尿管镜下置管治疗尿道损伤及尿道狭窄36例分析

目的：探讨无骨盆骨折的尿道损伤和尿道狭窄有效安全简单的治疗方案。方法：通过用输尿管镜对36例男性尿道损伤、狭窄进行治疗,观察总结。结果：21例尿道损伤患者20例一次置管成功,15例尿道狭窄患者一次置管成功。结论：输尿管镜置管治疗无骨盆骨折的尿道损伤及尿道狭窄具有操作简单、创伤小、安全、并发症少等优点。     

尿道内切开联合电切术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁25例分析

目的：探讨尿道内切开联合电切术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁的临床应用。方法：25例尿道狭窄或闭锁用输尿管硬镜探查尿道疤痕,用电极行尿道内切开,钻通闭锁段尿道后,扩张尿道至F2,再经尿道放入电切镜切除疤痕组织。结果：24例1次手术治愈,1例手术失败。无并发症。手术成功率96%（24/25）。留置F20尿管4～6周。术后排尿通畅。随访15例,随访时间3周～2年,6例排尿通畅,9例行尿道扩张2～6次。结论：尿道内切开联合电切术创伤小,是治疗尿道狭窄安全、有效的方法,具有成功率高、并发症少等优点。     

经尿道等离子体双极电切剜除法治疗良性前列腺增生240例

目的：探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切法治疗良性前列腺增生的安全性与有效性。方法：采用经尿道等离子体双极电切行前列腺剜除240例。前列腺重量30～120g，平均75g。结果：手术时间30～70min，平均50min。切除前列腺组织重量30-80g，平均60g。无电切综合征发生。术后4～5d拔除留置导尿管，全部病例排尿通畅。术后出现暂时性尿失禁5例，继发性前列腺出血2例，尿道狭窄1例。结论：经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生安全有效。     

输尿管镜等离子棒状电极顺行内切开治疗尿道狭窄

目的：探讨直视下输尿管镜等离子棒状电极顺行内切开治疗尿道狭窄的可行性。方法：在输尿管镜直视下，采用等离子棒状电极顺行内切开治疗尿道狭窄28例。将输尿管镜经过狭窄处置入膀胱后往回拖，用等离子棒状电极于尿道狭窄处4，8，12点切开至可通过F18号尿管即可。结果：25例获随访3～24月，平均15．4月，18例（72％）排尿通畅，因尿道狭窄复发有4例行2次，3例行3次内切开治疗，均无尿失禁和性功能障碍等，术后3～12月需定期扩尿道6例。结论：输尿管镜等离子棒状电极顺行内切开治疗尿道狭窄创伤小、安全性好，疗效肯定。     

经尿道直视下冷／电切术治疗尿道狭窄

经尿道直视下冷／电切术治疗尿道狭窄韩庆华，许德生，贺红旗（长庆石油勘探局职工医院７４５１００）经尿道直视下冷／电切术治疗尿道狭窄是近几年开展的一种较新的手术方法，与传统的尿道修补术相比具有创伤小、效果好及术后阳萎发生率低的优点，尤其是明显地缩短了尿道...     

不同术式修复尿道下裂5年诊治体会

目的:总结不同术式治疗不同类型尿道下裂的经验和体会,为临床手术方式的选择提供参考。方法:对2009年至2014年收治的52例施行MAGPI、Onlay、Duckett、Duckett+Onlay、Flip+Flap、尿道成形合并膀胱黏膜成形术6种术式对3种类型尿道下裂进行回顾性分析。结果:6种术式因针对尿道下裂严重程度各部相同,通过对52例病例进行数据进行统计分析后得到的治愈率也不相同,其中MAGPI的手术成功率较高,术后尿道狭窄的发生率仅为25.0%且无尿瘘发生,而Flip+Flap术后尿道狭窄、尿瘘的发生率较高。结论:严格掌握手术适应症,根据患者尿道下裂的类型灵活选用不同术式,可提高手术成功率,降低手术并发症发生率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.