铝阳极氧化电解着色膜的光谱选择性

将工业纯铝分别用硫酸和磷酸进行阳极氯化,再交流电解着色镍制作光/热转换薄膜.绪果用砒酸阳极氧化,在所采用的工艺参数范围内着色困难,而磷酸阳极氧化着色容易。用超薄切片技术及透射电镜观察膜的形貌,发现上述结果与用两种酸阳极氧化后得到的多孔性氧化膜的孔的底部直径大小有关,而与膜上部孔径关系不大。用磷酸进行阳极氧化,寻找到一种交流电解着深黑色的方法,并获得太阳光谱范围吸收率a=0.93,远红外热幅射率e=0.26的光热转换薄膜。     

电解法制取彩色铝膜的新工艺

在硫酸中进行阳极氧化的基础上，通过正交试验获得了采用磷酸进行二步阳极化处理后在硫酸镍溶液中电解着色并在磺基上杨酸中进行电解处理以制取鲜艳，多色彩膜系列的工艺条件。同时还对彩色膜的性能进行了测定和评估。利用ｘ－衍射仪和ＳＥＭ仪对膜成分及结构进行了测定，并对有关机理进行了分析。     

铝和铝合金的电化学氧化与着色

铝和铝合金制品通过电化学氧化在其表面形成铝氧化膜,并进行着色,可以大大改善这些制品的耐磨。抗蚀性及抗变色能力,在航天和船舶制造工业等方面得到了广泛的应用。由于其着色的选择性好,在建筑、高级装饰品、日用品工业等方面得到大量的应用。电化学氧化着色通常有两种方法。一种方法是将铝合金在有机酸电解液中进行阳极氧化后,表面形成有色氧化膜,氧化膜的颜色与铝合金材料及所用的有机酸有关;第二种方法是通过电解氧化形成无色氧化膜,再进行着色,根据着色的方式不同,又分为阳极电解着色,阴极电解着色,染料着色和交流电解着色…     

Ni着色Al2O3太阳能选择吸收涂层在海水淡化中的应用

探究铝箔阳极氧化后电解着色的黑色膜层在阳光照射下的吸光能力,并确定铝箔阳极氧化的最优电参数.首先在磷酸溶液中以不同的电参数阳极氧化处理铝箔,然后在硫酸镍溶液中电解着色,得到不同色度的黑色膜层.通过微观形貌、XRD及红外光谱仪分析了阳极氧化的成膜机理及着色后的元素组成.在电压20V、氧化时间20min时得到的铝箔表面具有最高的吸收率,约0.78,海水蒸馏实验结果也表明其具有较高的蒸馏效率,约135g·L~(-1)h~(-1).     

铝阳极氧化膜的复合金属盐电解着色的研究

利用铜盐、镍盐构成的复合金属盐对铝阳极氧化膜进行电解着红色系的研究，所得着色液性能十分稳定，所着颜色色调均匀饱满，随着色时间及交流电压的变化，可得到浅红、紫红、深红、红黑及黑色，并对着色液中的某些因素的作用进行了探讨。     

铝表面不透明白色化处理的研究

铝表面经过常规阳极氧化后，进行中间半封孔处理，然后在硫酸或磷酸等溶液中二次电解，得到不透明白色化膜，这种膜与透明常规阳极氧化膜相比，在装饰性、耐蚀、耐磨性好等特点。本文通过电流与时间特性关系，研究确定最佳工艺条件，并探讨了形成了透明白色化膜的机理。     

多孔氧化铝成膜条件的研究及其应用

为了研究多孔氧化铝的成膜条件,以0.3 mol/L草酸为电解液,通过两次阳极氧化制备出多孔氧化铝模板.通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对模板形貌进行观察,研究了多孔阳极氧化铝的制备和成膜条件.以制备的氧化铝膜为阴极,铂电极为阳极,硝酸锌和六亚甲基四胺为电解溶液,采用溶液沉积制备点阵列氧化锌晶体并讨论发光性能...     

不锈钢化学着色的条件和控制

本文通过试验得出了奥氏体不锈钢化学着色的工艺条件,找出了着色过程中成份和pH的变化规律。自选添加剂的加入改善了着色膜的质量和工艺条件。初步判明不锈钢着色膜系半导体膜。不锈钢经着色、硬化后耐蚀性有所提高。     

铝二次电解着色膜微观分析及着色机制

研究了６０６３铝材在硫酸电解液和锡盐电解液中得到的青铜色的二次电解着色；用ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ、ＥＤＡＸ和ＸＲＤ测试分析手段观察了着色膜的成分及它们在膜中的分布；分析了锡盐在着色膜中的位置及相结构。结果表明，铝在Ｈ２ＳＯ４中阳极氧化得到γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜，Ｓｎ在着色膜中以β－Ｓｎ金属胶体和ＳｎＯ２氧化物胶体两种粒子形态存在；着色物质Ｓｎ以β－Ｓｎ和ＳｎＯ２状态沉积在氧化膜孔中。最后探讨了锡盐在氧化铝膜中呈色原因。     

阳极液对钠碱膜电解再生的影响

湿法脱硫以其高效成熟而得到广泛应用,但存在着脱硫废液处理和吸收富液再生等问题,为此,将膜技术应用于湿法脱硫吸收富液再生过程中,研究不同阳极液对膜电解过程各个参数的影响规律．在自制的二室A201阴极膜电解装置中,分别采用硫酸溶液和水作为阳极液,研究不同阳极液对钠碱吸收液再生过程中电流密度、硫酸回收率、吸收富液再生效果和再生电耗的影响规律．实验结果表明,阳极液的类型和浓度对膜电解再生过程中各个参数具有较大影响．当阳极液为稀硫酸时有利于电流的通过,阳极室初始稀硫酸浓度越大则硫酸回收效果越好,阴极钠碱液的再生电耗效率越高;当阳极液为水时,溶液导电能力较弱,但无论从电流密度还是电耗对再生效率的影响来看,水溶液相对于稀硫酸更利于阴极液的低能耗和高效率再生,其较佳的膜电解电耗约为690kW·h／t（NaHSO3）．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-