选择性剪接的调控

1977年证实，典型的真核基因为断裂基因，蛋白质编码基因的初级转录产物需要通过剪接加工去除内含子并连接外显子，才能成为翻译模板。后来发现，一种初级转录产物可能有多种不同的选择性剪接方式，产生不同的成熟mRNA，导致生成多种蛋白质。在生物界选择性剪接存在广泛，直到最近人们才完全了解其普遍性和复杂性。异常剪接可能导致多种疾病。     

基于CDS..join特征域的Exon/Intron数据库的构建

基因进化的研究和重构通常是在序列水平上进行的，包括比对它们的遗传序列或蛋白序列。而对基因外显子/内含子结构的分析能够提供更多有价值的信息，比如绘制更为可靠的系统发生图谱，或更精确地阐明内含子的进化。为此，本文设计了相应的Perl脚本程序来提取、比较和搜索基因说明文档中CDS..join特征域的Exon/Intron结构。通过该方法，可构建相关物种的Exon/Intron数据库（EID），其主要内容包括内含子的相位，Exon或Intron的数量、大小，剪接位点的模式以及选择性剪接（Alternative splicing, AS）的相关信息。     

蛋白质结构域划分方法及在线服务综述

蛋白质结构域是研究蛋白质结构、功能与进化的基本单位,不同的结构域可组合出更为复杂的蛋白质分子.划分蛋白质结构域后,可以从结构域的角度研究蛋白质的结构、功能与进化,降低了研究复杂度.根据已知结构的蛋白质统计,有约40%的为多结构域蛋白质,其中还存在一级结构上不临近的氨基酸序列出现在同一个结构域的情况,即不连续结构域.文章给出了当前国内外有关蛋白质结构域边界预测、不连续结构域检测及结构域数据库与在线服务的研究进展,供相关研究者参考.     

人SLC25A13基因内含子突变IVS6-11A>G导致转录子剪接异常

目的:通过minigene剪接实验分析SLC25A13基因内含子突变IVS6-11A G是否导致转录子剪接异常,并确定其剪接方式,进而明确其在Citrin缺陷病的致病性.方法:构建携带突变的目的片段外显子捕获载体,转染293T细胞后逆转录PCR扩增转录产物,测序并分析.结果:IVS6-11A G突变导致SLC25A13基因内含子6的3'端10个碱基保留于转录子中,致蛋白翻译提前终止,Citrin蛋白功能丧失.结论:SLC25A13基因IVS6-11A G突变为剪接突变,其剪接方式为可变3'剪接,该突变为Citrin缺陷病致病突变.     

棉花MYB转录因子的研究进展

MYB转录因子在棉花的生长发育、纤维发育以及应对生物和非生物胁迫等方面均具有重要作用.为全面梳理MYB转录因子在棉花中的进化和功能特点,文章分别从基因拷贝数目、结构域类型、基因复制模式、进化速率以及生物学功能等方面论述了不同棉种MYB转录因子的相关研究进展,其结果将为今后进一步阐明植物MYB转录因子家族的进化规律以及提升棉花分子育种的精确性提供理论基础.     

真核生物上游刺激因子家族的分子进化

氨基酸序列和基因结构的系统发育分析表明,上游刺激因子家族usf1和usf2基因的产生是基因复制的结果,同时,usf1和usf2的内含子位置以及插入相位分析揭示在不同进化地位的物种中,可独立地发生内含子的插入或删除,因此,看似同源的内含子不一定是同源的,这说明在以内含子为基础进行同源性分析时应谨慎.与低等动物相比,脊椎动物中的usf基因序列高度相似,对比usf1和usf2的各个选择性剪接变体发现,二者的剪接模式都很保守,而新的变体是由点突变或内含子中额外序列的插入造成的.另外,以前的研究均认为所有usf中均有亮氨酸拉链,然而本研究发现,该结构域是新近插入到该蛋白家族中的.     

GenBank中CDS..join特征域研究初步

由NCBI建立和维护的大型公用数据库GenBank是进行生物学研究最为重要的工具之一. 其DNA序列数据库的每条记录描述了相关基因的详细特征,其中的CDS(Coding Sequence)特征域被认为是DNA生成蛋白质的翻译指令,它对GenBank中每条基因的组装进行了详细的说明. 通过CDS可以很容易在互联网上进行多序列搜索,并获得相关的基因序列、编码蛋白序列及种属特异性信息. 利用CDS特征域构建外显子-内含子数据库(Exon-Intron Database,EID)是研究内含子起源、进化和功能的重要手段,本文试图以CDS为线索,解决建库初期从GenBank海量数据中提取相关序列的问题.     

黑线仓鼠 KiSS-1基因的生物信息学与系统进化研究

采用 RT-PCR 技术克隆得到黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)KiSS-1基因的部分序列,并进行生物信息学分析.结果表明:该段序列共429 bp,包含部分5′非翻译区、转录起始位点、信号肽序列以及主要的活性区域.黑线仓鼠 KiSS-1编码的蛋白质是一种胞外分泌的亲水性蛋白质,N 端含有19个氨基酸组成的信号肽序列,67、121-122位各有一个水解位点,68、69处的磷酸化位点可能与蛋白质活性的获得有关.二级结构预测含有较多的α螺旋和自由卷曲,115-119位的α螺旋在与受体结合中有重要作用.系统进化分析证实该序列与其他物种有较高的同源性,说明该基因在进化中相对保守.通过生物信息学与系统进化分析,有助于进一步揭示 KiSS-1的转运加工途径及作用机制     

黑斑蛙Dmrt4基因的克隆测序

Dmrt基因家族是新近发现的一个与性别决定相关的基因家族.该家族成员都含有一个新的具有DNA结合能力的保守基序--DM结构域,它们在性别决定和分化发育的调控中担负重要的功能.本文采用简并PCR技术,扩增并克隆了黑斑蛙基因组中的DM结构域,经序列分析,获得了Dmrt家族的一个成员rnDmrt4.通过对不同进化地位的物种进行Dmrt4基因的氨基酸序列聚类,发现了Dmrt4基因在系统进化中具有高度保守性,提示该基因在性别分化和功能维持上可能具有重要作用.     

基因功能区域的DNA甲基化分析

基于人类9种细胞系和15种组织的单碱基精度的甲基化数据,计算了基因范围六个功能区域(转录起始区域、第一外显子、中间外显子、最后外显子、内含子和转录终止区域)的甲基化水平,分析了各功能区域甲基化的分布.采用离散增量和欧式距离两类参数分别计算了细胞系和组织间的基因的甲基化差异,并对具有较高差异水平的前20个基因在六类细胞系的表达进行了分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.