基于节点密度法的连续体结构拓扑优化结果提取

研究影响拓扑优化结果提取的各类因素及解决方法.基于节点变密度法建立连续体结构拓扑优化模型,连续密度场在结构拓扑数学描述上抑制了棋盘格现象.采用密度过滤技术进一步提高密度场的连续性和光滑性,从而消除了网格依赖性现象.密度-弹性模量惩罚措施及两步过滤策略减少了中间密度节点数目并消除图像扩散现象.拓扑优化密度云图输出方式得到光滑的轮廓边界.通过二维经典拓扑优化数值箅例验证了方法的正确性.     

基于节点独立连续映射方法的变上限周长控制

为克服连续体结构拓扑优化中的数值不稳定性问题如棋盘格现象、网格依赖性问题和灰色区域等,提出变上限周长控制方式.在每轮优化迭代步中,根据当前结构周长值确定周长上限值,从而避免基于数值实验的周长上限确定过程.基于节点变量建立了连续体结构的独立连续映射拓扑优化模型,根据链式求导法则推导了周长敏度表达式并采用一阶泰勒展开近似表达周长约束方程.数值实验表明,该方法具有较好的优化迭代收敛性并能获得消除各类数值不稳定现象的清晰结果.     

拓扑优化中基于图论的邻接熵过滤方法

在拓扑优化中提出一种基于图论的邻接熵过滤方法,通过分析单元的邻接信息,对无效单元进行过滤,从而有效消除棋盘格现象并降低优化结构的网格依赖性.该方法具有数值实现简单、计算量小、适应复杂网格划分、兼容多种有限元求解器等优点.给出了采用邻接熵过滤法的拓扑优化程序流程,用Matlab程序和ANSYS参数化设计语言实现了算法,并通过典型算例证明了该方法的有效性.     

应用类桁架模型的连续体拓扑优化方法

为了避免棋盘格、单元铰接等数值不稳定现象,研究了基于类桁架模型的连续体拓扑优化方法.将单元节点处材料密度的大小和方向作为设计变量,采用满应力优化准则对材料密度大小进行优化.为了形成带孔洞的匀质连续体,对设计变量增加了上下限约束,剔除密度低于一定下限的节点,限制节点密度.算例结果表明:不需要进一步处理,就能从类桁架连续体中获得清晰的带孔板.     

基于RKPM梁固有频率及薄板柔度的拓扑优化

以节点相对密度为设计变量,以固有频率最大为目标函数,通过修正低密度区质量矩阵建立了基于重构核粒子法(RKPM)的结构动力拓扑优化数学模型.采用罚函数法施加本质边界条件,利用直接微分法推导了结构固有频率灵敏度方程,同时研究了受横向载荷弯曲的基尔霍夫薄板柔度最小的拓扑优化问题.最后对比分析了节点依赖性以及设计变量对最优拓扑结构的影响,并结合以上算法和优化准则法编写程序完成了2个拓扑优化算例.优化结果表明:所建立的模型不仅能有效抑制局部模态和重特征频率的出现,而且因通过重构核近似提高了计算点密度场的连续性,棋盘格现象得以消除,可以得到清晰光滑的拓扑边界.     

EFG法在拓扑优化中的灵敏度分析与应用

针对传统拓扑优化过程中所出现的数值不稳定性现象,以节点相对密度为设计变量,结构的柔度最小化为目标函数,提出了一种以无网格Galerkin法为数值分析方法的结构拓扑优化数学模型。利用SIMP插值模型和优化准则法,推导出其灵敏度分析算法,并编写了相应的计算程序,完成了两个连续体结构的拓扑优化。所得结果与基于有限元法的拓扑优化结果对比显示,应用无网格Galerkin法对结构进行拓扑优化设计,不仅能有效抑制棋盘格现象,且具有较好的迭代收敛性。     

拓扑优化在微型柔性结构设计中的应用

针对微电子机械系统中微夹钳、微型柔性导向机构两种典型的微型柔性结构静、动力学问题,根据拓扑优化的基本思想,采用变密度法原理,基于Altair Optistruct软件拓扑优化平台,建立了静、动力学两种不同特性下的拓扑优化模型。分析并研究了结构形式、优化参数、网格划分形式、外载荷加载方式等对拓扑优化结果的影响。并针对出现网格依赖性现象的处理进行了探讨。     

基于HCA的改进收敛准则优化算法研究

为了抑制拓扑优化中出现的灰度单元现象,通过引入范数理论的概念,提出了一种新的针对连续体结构的收敛准则算法.采用变密度法,建立SIMP材料插值模型和基于元胞自动机的拓扑优化数学模型,以结构的应变能密度均匀分布为优化目标.通过经典的二维数值算例,证明该收敛准则法在结构拓扑优化中的正确性和可靠性.     

基于二级多点逼近算法的连续体结构拓扑优化

针对基于变密度法的连续体拓扑优化中设计变量连续性的特点,建立了以结构重量最小为目标,考虑位移和频率约束的连续体结构拓扑优化模型;原拓扑优化问题先转化为具有较高精度的第一级多点近似序列问题,该问题的约束函数由优化过程中历史设计点的临界约束函数值及其一阶导数构造;再通过线性泰勒展开建立可由对偶法快速求解的第二级近似序列问题,以逼近各第一级近似问题的解. 采用敏度过滤技术,避免棋盘格引起的数值缺陷问题,并对低密度区域的单元刚度进行惩罚,以消除频率约束问题的局部模态现象. 优化过程中采用通用有限元程序Nastran进行结构分析和敏度分析. 数值算例结果表明:应用该方法可以有效地解决具有位移和频率约束的连续体拓扑优化问题.      

基于变密度法的结构强度拓扑优化策略

基于变密度法的结构强度拓扑优化中,优化结果存在灰度单元,导致结构应力水平难以准确预测,后处理前后结构应力水平变化较大.该研究通过采用基于过滤-投影的结构参数化方法,实现在迭代优化过程中结构中间密度单元比例不断下降.通过研究结构比强度问题主要优化参数对寻优过程、优化结构强度的影响规律,提出了先结构拓扑优化、后近似形状优化的新优化策略.实现了在优化过程中对结构应力水平变化趋势的准确控制,在提升优化过程稳定性的同时,实现了结构强度优化.通过典型的优化算例验证了所提出优化方法的合理性及实用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to