液体发酵高产纳豆激酶菌株的复合诱变选育

从市售豆豉和保藏的固体发酵产纳豆激酶(NK)高活性的菌株中,筛选出5株诱变育种出发菌株.经紫外-亚硝基胍-Co60复合诱变后,获得5株液体发酵产NK高活性的菌株LJJ-1-13-12-4、PXDBJ-13-9-7-18、DNS-17-3-15-7、CBL-2-7-10-6和L-5-8-15,其产NK活性,分别为1 846.15、1 956.48、2 184.32、1 865.38和2 095.23 U/mL,分别是诱变前出发菌株的1.62、1.81、1.98、1.61和1.62倍.高产纳豆激酶菌株的选育为纳豆激酶液体发酵的进一步工业化奠定了良好的基础.     

磁场条件下Fe~(2+)对产聚唾液酸大肠杆菌的诱变选育

以产聚唾液酸(polysialic acid,PSA)的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为出发菌株,在磁场条件下利用Fe~(2+)对该菌种进行多轮诱变选育,获得具有高产性能的诱变菌株,在5L发酵罐进行发酵验证.结果表明:在0.5T磁场条件下,Fe~(2+)的最佳诱变质量浓度为90mg·L~(-1);经过5轮诱变和选育,PSA的摇瓶发酵水平从1.09g·L~(-1)提高到2.24g·L~(-1);5L发酵罐发酵水平从4.79g·L~(-1)提高到9.22g·L~(-1),产量提高了92%.     

不同诱变方法对青霉TS406Y胆固醇氧化酶活性的影响

以青霉Ts406Y(Penicillum sp.)为诱变出发菌株,评价了硫酸二乙酯(DES)、亚硝基胍(NTG)和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对该菌株的诱变效应,发现在常规剂量内达到70%致死率时所需要的时间分别为23,3,90 min.根据使用方便和安全原则,进行了青霉TS406Y的DES诱变和选育,获得了胆固醇氧化酶活性提高84.5%的突变菌株D5,其胆固醇氧化酶活性达到了1 240 U/L,连续传代6次.发现D5菌株具有遗传稳定性.另外还发现,利用紫外线(UV)和EDS对单因素诱变后获得的胆固醇氧化酶高产菌株进行复合诱变.94%的突变菌株为负变菌株.     

水拉恩氏菌JZ-GX1及其诱变菌株对马尾松苗的促生效应

水拉恩氏菌(Rahnella aquatilis)JZ-GX1及其诱变菌株JZ-GX1-2和JZ-GX1-10能够有效降解植酸盐。笔者将水拉恩氏菌JZ-GX1及其优良突变菌株接种于马尾松实生苗,研究其对马尾松实生苗生长的影响,分别于接种60、120、180 d后测定并比较各接种实生苗的光合参数和叶绿素含量,以及接种前和接种180 d后马尾松苗的苗高和地径生长量。结果表明:接种菌剂对马尾松苗净光合速率(Pn)、PSⅡ实际的光化学量子效率(Ф_PSⅡ)和叶绿素含量,以及马尾松苗高和地径的生长促进作用,其中诱变菌株JZ-GX1-2的促进作用最佳,其次是诱变菌株JZ-GX-10,再者是经筛选获得的野生型菌株JZ-GX1。试验结果表明水拉恩氏菌JZ-GX1及其诱变菌株JZ-GX1-2和JZ-GX1-10可用于进一步开展田间试验和野外造林试验。     

灰树花紫外诱变育种研究

应用原生质体紫外诱变技术,对灰树花菌株Gr1进行了紫外诱变处理.经过粗筛和精筛后,从50株诱变株中选出两株多糖含量和产量明显优于原始菌株的突变株Gr1a和Gr1g,其产量分别为1.74%和1.62%,多糖质量含量(w)分别为11.67%和12.01%.经过摇瓶试验以及发酵试验,两株诱变菌株Gr1a和Gr1g菌丝得率和多糖含量都很稳定,表明所得突变株是比原始菌株更优秀的稳定高产、高多糖含量的新菌株.     

枯草芽孢杆菌8-32拮抗菌株的紫外诱变选育

为了获得更高拮抗活性的菌株,以对大豆根腐病病原菌具有较强拮抗作用的Bacillus subtilis8-32为实验材料,采用紫外线诱变方法选育具有更高拮抗活性菌株.紫外诱变条件为30 W紫外线,15 cm辐射距离,诱变时间4 min.结果表明,经初筛和复筛,从诱变后菌落形态差异显著的100个菌株中,筛选得到3株(YB-1,YB-2和YB-3)拮抗活性明显增强的菌株,其拮抗活性与对照相比分别提高了50％,55％和50％,并且传代培养10次后其活性保持不变,说明诱变菌株YB-1,YB-2和YB-3遗传性状稳定.     

γ-亚麻酸产生菌的低能离子束诱变选育

为了得到γ-亚麻酸(GLA)高产菌株,以深黄被孢霉As3.3410为出发菌株,利用氮离子(N+)注入诱变,并采用马来酰肼抗性筛选和红四氮唑(TTC)法相结合对突变株进行筛选。试验结果表明:当能量为10 ke V时,最佳氮离子诱变剂量为1.56×1015cm-2;当马来酰肼的添加量为40 mg/L时,出发菌株的抑制率为100%;TTC法酶活测定的最佳条件为:温度35℃、p H为8.4、TTC浓度为8 g/L、反应时间为1 h,以此作为摇瓶初筛的条件。经过反复诱变筛选获得一株遗传稳定的高产突变株F312,其γ-亚麻酸产量为1 236 mg/L,比出发菌株(480 mg/L)提高了157.5%。     

微波辐照选育L-乳酸高产菌的生物学特性研究

在低功率微波条件下,采用水循环冷却器,对干酪乳杆菌鼠李糖亚种(Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus)X1-12进行诱变处理,在微波功率400 W,辐照时间3 min的诱变条件下得到L-乳酸产量为115.8 g/L的突变株W3-9,比原始菌株X1-12提高了57.98%,连续遗传8代,产酸性状稳定.通过原始菌株和突变株的生理生化实验,可知微波辐照后的菌株生物学特性发生部分改变.     

一株高效产油脂真菌的选育及其油脂成分分析

以早期从海洋环境中分离得到的38株海洋真菌为材料,采用苏丹黑染色法初筛,摇瓶法复筛,得到1株油脂产率相对较高(27.96%)的菌株MD2,经鉴定,该菌株为粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis).再以MD2为出发菌株,经紫外诱变、亚硝基胍诱变和紫外-亚硝基胍复合诱变,最终得到突变菌株MD2-1;采用酸热法提取粘红酵母MD2-1的菌体油脂,测定了其产脂能力,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定其脂肪酸组成.结果表明:MD2-1的产脂能力较强,油脂质量达菌体干质量的45.32%,较MD2提高17.36%;MD2-1菌体油脂中检测出9种脂肪酸,其脂肪酸组成与植物油近似,其中10-十八(碳)烯酸占脂肪酸总量的71.53%,为10-十八(碳)烯酸工业化生产提供菌种资源,为其规模化生产奠定基础.     

产木聚糖酶海洋微生物的筛选与诱变育种

以自制木聚糖为初筛培养基的唯一碳源,从多个海洋来源样品中一共筛到60株有透明圈且形态各异的菌株,摇瓶发酵结果显示,38株具有产木聚糖酶能力,其中B659菌株产酶能力最高,酶活力为525.3 U·m L-1.结合B659菌株的形态特征和16S r DNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于Bacillus属.对B659菌株进行紫外诱变,筛选得到酶活提高13.9%且稳定遗传的突变菌株G3-17;对G3-17菌株进一步进行微波诱变得到酶活较G3-17菌株高出11.6%且稳定遗传的突变菌株W1-40.对B659菌株和W1-40突变菌株进行发酵试验,72 h时W1-40菌株的酶活力达到645.2 U·m L-1,比B659菌株(517.9 U·m L-1)提高24.6%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to