木糖发酵菌株的筛选

本实验利用传统的方法从森林土样中分离筛选出一株能有效发酵木糖生产乙醇的酵母菌株。首先通过富集培养、初筛、复筛等步骤筛选出一株（1#菌株）能够利用木糖的酵母菌株,对其进行了生理生化性能指标试验,初步鉴定为假丝酵母菌（Candida sp.）。并对其进行了利用木糖发酵乙醇试验,实验结果表明：在培养温度为30℃,pH5.0,接种量为10％左右,初始木糖浓度为40g/L时,该菌株可以利用木糖发酵生产乙醇,产乙醇量为1.06g/100mL,相当于理论转化率的56.9%。     

假丝酵母Candida sp.木糖发酵生产乙醇

研究了供氧水平、培养基初始pH值、木糖质量浓度等条件对假丝酵母1779A木糖发酵生产乙醇的影响．结果表明：在温度（30℃）、转速（150r／min）恒定的条件下，假丝酵母木糖发酵生产乙醇适宜在半好氧务件下进行，乙醇产生的最适初始pH值为5．0，最适木糖质量浓度为60g／L，最大乙醇转化率为62．1％．假丝酵母木糖发酵生产乙醇存在葡萄糖效应，以葡萄糖与木糖的质量比3：1混合发酵生产乙醇时的产量比单独木糖发酵生产时的高57．6％．     

戊糖己糖混合糖发酵生产乙醇的主要影响因素

以树干毕赤酵母为发酵菌株,高混合糖(木糖、葡萄糖)为发酵底物,确定树干毕赤酵母高糖浓度发酵时所需的条件.研究结果表明,在高糖浓度乙醇发酵中,树干毕赤酵母较为适宜的发酵温度为30℃,发酵24 h,残糖浓度和乙醇浓度分别为0.1 g/L和32.5 g/L.添加硫酸铵1.1 g/L+微量元素发酵效果较好,乙醇浓度为33.2g/L.由典型发酵过程中各物质浓度变化曲线可知,酵母优先利用葡萄糖,发酵12 h葡萄糖和木糖的还原糖利用率分别为89.3%、10.7%.待12 h葡萄糖几乎被消耗完后,对木糖的利用开始占主导地位,乙醇浓度随着糖的不断消耗而逐渐提高.发酵28h时乙醇浓度最高,达到33.2 g/L.     

分批添料对戊糖、己糖同步发酵制备乙醇的影响

以树干毕赤酵母为发酵菌株,混合糖(葡萄糖与木糖质量比为2∶1)为发酵底物,通过分批添料来提高糖利用率及乙醇得率。结果表明,一次性投料发酵糖初始浓度以94.0 g/L为最佳,乙醇浓度可达33.9 g/L。在高糖浓度一次性投料发酵中,延长发酵时间可以继续降低残糖浓度,增加乙醇浓度。但是初始糖浓度越高,其变化幅度也越低。初始糖浓度为108.0 g/L,31 h发酵后残糖浓度为9.1 g/L,乙醇浓度为34.3 g/L,延长到42 h时残糖浓度为0.4 g/L,乙醇浓度提高到37.0 g/L。当总糖浓度为80.9 g/L时,补糖时间在12 h内完成,且以两次补糖法较合适,发酵24 h乙醇浓度达到33.8 g/L。     

毕赤酵母发酵甘露醇产乙醇的条件研究

在250ml三角瓶中进行毕赤酵母（Pichia angophorae）发酵不同浓度的甘露醇生产乙醇的试验。试验先以浓度为20g/L、40g/L、60g/L、80g/L的甘露醇进行发酵试验确定出最适培养基组分,然后以正交试验确定菌株的最优发酵条件。结果确定出最适的发酵培养基组分为：甘露醇20g/L,酵母浸粉0.3g/L,麦芽浸粉0.3g/L,（NH4）2SO45g/L,KH2PO42g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.4g/L。最佳发酵条件为：温度32℃,摇床转速150rpm,初始pH值4.5,发酵液体积150ml,乙醇最大产量为0.45g ethanol/g mannitol。     

活性污泥以木糖为碳源产氢发酵的工艺条件

木质纤维素是农作物秸秆的主要组成部分,木糖是木质纤维素水解后的重要单糖之一。本文以木糖为碳源研究了木糖浓度、接种量、发酵温度、和培养基的初始pH值对厌氧污泥发酵产氢量、产氢速率及木糖产氢效率的影响。研究结果表明,木糖浓度、接种量、发酵温度、初始pH值是影响活性污泥发酵产氢的4个重要因素。厌氧污泥发酵产氢的最适木糖浓度为3g／L,最适接种量为25％（体积百分比）,最适初始pH值为7—8,最适温度为35℃。     

Zymobacter palmae菌株发酵甘露醇生产乙醇的条件优化

在250ml三角烧瓶中进行Zymobacter palmae菌株发酵不同浓度的甘露醇生产乙醇的实验。实验先以浓度为20.0g/L、40.0g/L、60.0g/L、80.0g/L的甘露醇进行发酵实验确定出最适培养基组分,然后通过正交试验确定出最佳发酵条件。结果表明,最适发酵培养基为：甘露醇20.0g/L,酵母膏0.5g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1g/L,KH2PO42.0g/L,K2HPO47.0g/L,（NH4）2SO4 1.0g/L,pH值6.0;最佳发酵条件为：摇床转速150r/min,温度28℃,发酵液体积150ml。在最佳发酵条件下,乙醇的最大产量为0.429g乙醇/g甘露醇。     

吡咯喹啉醌生产菌的发酵条件优化

对一株产吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)假单胞杆菌Pseudomonas 0813的发酵条件进行了优化,通过单因素试验确定碳源、氮源及无机盐成分,之后用正交试验法优化各成分配比,考察了发酵温度、初始pH值和转速对该菌产PQQ的影响。结果表明,最优的培养基配方为：酵母粉5g/mL、蛋白胨1g/mL、KH₂PO₄ 0.5g/mL;最适的发酵条件为：发酵温度30℃、初始pH 6.5、发酵转速150r/min。在此条件下,Pseudomonas0813菌株在250mL体系摇瓶发酵中的PQQ产量为448mg/L,在1.5L体系发酵罐扩大培养后的最高产量可达 695.mg/L,这是目前报道未经优化或基因改造菌株的较高产量。     

以甘薯为原料发酵生产丙酮-丁醇-乙醇的研究

【目的】研究以甘薯为原料发酵生产丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)的可行性。【方法】以本研究分离鉴定的丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)J-3-3为生产菌株,通过发酵培养基和发酵条件的优化,确定最佳的发酵工艺条件。发酵产物采用气相色谱的内标法测定。【结果】最佳发酵培养基组成:甘薯液化液初糖浓度为100g/L,豆粕8g/L,KH_2PO_4 0.8g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.06g/L。最佳发酵条件:温度37℃,初始pH自然(pH值为5.8),种龄22h,接种量10%。在此发酵工艺条件下发酵60h,溶剂产量达到最大,丙酮、乙醇和丁醇的产量分别为6.98g/L、1.16g/L和15.34g/L,总溶剂23.48g/L。【结论】研究结果表明,以甘薯为原料发酵生产丙酮-丁醇-乙醇是可行的,这为拓宽发酵法生产丙酮-丁醇-乙醇的原料来源以及甘薯的深加工提供了新的思路。     

活性干酵母富硒培养条件的研究

以安琪活性干酵母为出发菌种,分析了培养基初始硒浓度、接种量、装液量、温度、初始pH以及转速等发酵条件对酵母生物量及富硒量的影响,并通过正交试验设计初步确定了培养的最优方案.在最佳的摇瓶培养条件下(初始硒浓度25μg/mL,接种量10%,装液量60/250 mL,温度30℃,初始pH 5.0,摇床转速160 r/min,培养40 h后),该活性干酵母的生物量及富硒量分别达到9.89 g/L、954 μg/g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.