离场航班多目标优化排序研究

为缓解大面积、长时间的离场航班延误现状,研究了多目标离场航班优化排序问题,考虑连续航班对离场航班影响,建立了具有多个目标函数的混合整数规划模型,并基于多目标优化问题的Pareto最优解概念,设计了一种带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解模型.选取上海浦东机场3 h内离场航班进行仿真验证,并将仿真结果与其他算法优化方案比较,与FCFS策略相比,航班总延误降低了20. 1%,延误架次减少了20.较单一目标优化,该算法具有保持多个目标函数优异性的特点,且115架航班优化时间仅为302 s,能够较好的满足实际运行效率需求.所提方法能够有效解决离场航班多目标优化排序问题.     

近距平行跑道基于相关平行进近模式排序研究

近距平行跑道基于相关平行进近模式排序能最大限度地提高跑道运行能力.介绍了相关平行进近模式,以总延误成本最小为目标函数,综合考虑跑道约束、着陆时刻约束、配对约束、排序约束和间隔约束等约束条件,建立了着陆航班排序模型,采用改进的先到先服务算法求解,得到各航班的延误成本以及总的延误成本.以上海虹桥国际机场为例,结果表明近距平行跑道采取相关平行进近模式较一起一降模式能很大程度地减少延误成本.     

基于航班离场成本的离场航空器滑行策略优化

针对大型枢纽机场日益严重的场面拥堵及由此导致的航班延误问题,推出率控制策略可利用机位等待代替滑行道及跑道口等待,控制场面离场航班的滑行数量,缓解场面拥挤.基于推出率控制策略同时结合场面滑行路径优化,提出了基于航班离场成本的离场航空器滑行策略.首先,构建了基于推出率控制策略的航班离场成本计算模型;然后,提出离场航空器滑行策略优化方法;最后,以航班离场成本最小为目标,采用遗传算法开展算例仿真,并选取三种策略进行对比分析.结果表明:基于航班离场成本的滑行策略不仅能减少离场航班的总滑行时间,提高场面运行效率,还能减少燃油消耗和气体排放量,具有一定的环保性.     

多跑道进离港地面等待问题建模及协同优化

针对多跑道机场起降航班难以进行跑道合理分配,尤其是混合跑道的使用问题,以降低航班延误损失为目标,提出一种基于跑道的航班优先系数计算策略,建立了一种多跑道进离港地面等待问题优化模型,并实现进离港队列延误费用的合理分配.同时,设计了一种启发式局部搜索算子并嵌入遗传算法,形成一种混合遗传算法对问题模型求解.通过对代表性算例的计算,结果表明,所提出的模型及算法不仅可以减少航班的延误损失,还可以显著优化延误损失在进离港队列之间的合理分配.     

用于跑道调度的约束多目标遗传模拟退火算法

为获得较优跑道调度方案,以提高跑道运行效率,建立了约束多目标多跑道进离场航班调度模型.在分析遗传算法与模拟退火算法特征的基础上,提出遗传模拟退火组合算法.分别采用Pareto支配及理想点法对跑道调度目标函数进行处理,采用惩罚目标函数值及可行解占优的方式处理约束条件,并确定了不同条件下新粒子更新机制及最优粒子筛选原则.文中还通过设置温度自适应改变机制控制算法收敛速度,以提高最优解性能.最后,以国内某大型机场跑道调度为例,对文中算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明:基于Pareto支配的约束多目标遗传算法能获得跑道调度多组较优可行解,且时效性强.     

基于出动效率最大的离场优化排序

飞机离场优化排序对于缓解跑道拥挤现象、提升作战体系出动效率具有重要意义。针对军航双跑道离场优化排序问题,首先建立了基于飞机在预定空域形成“任务包”时间最小为目标函数的优化排序模型,然后设计了一种基于精英反向学习策略和黏菌觅食行为的改进海洋捕食者算法进行求解,最后通过一个仿真实验,与其他算法的优化结果进行对比,改进的海洋捕食者算法使得“任务包”形成时间明显缩短,有效提升了作战飞机的出动效率,可以应用于解决飞机离场优化排序问题。     

面向实际运行的战略航班时刻优化技术

为了对航班时刻进行科学合理的配置,以机位、跑道和走廊口构成的系统为研究对象,考虑航班在系统内的实际运行情况,通过滑行时间和飞行时间在各关键资源节点之间建立连接.以满足关键资源节点的容流匹配为前提,建立了面向实际运行的航班时刻优化模型.以5 min为步长的滑动时间窗,设计了面向精确解的高效最优化算法并使用MATLAB工具箱编程求解.对浦东机场班期时刻表进行实例优化,并应用AirTop软件进行仿真验证.研究结果表明,优化后平均离场延误降低了3.2 min,高峰离场延误降低了23 min,放行正常率提高了11.04％,证明了该模型和算法的有效性,可以为大型机场缓解延误、保障运行效率提供航班时刻配置方案的理论支持.     

多队列航班起飞排序问题的优化模型与算法

针对一类多队列航班离场排序问题,首先建立了一种以起飞时间最少为目标函数的优化模型,然后根据模型特点设计了一种符号编码遗传算法,并给出了该算法的具体实现算子。最后,对具体问题进行了仿真求解,结果表明,文中的方法能够有效地缩减总体起飞时间,对空中交通流量管理特别是机场管理有参考价值。     

交叉跑道进离场窗建立方法

针对交叉跑道相关运行模式下复飞引起的进离场冲突问题,提出规划交叉跑道冲突全域以保持进近复飞与离场航空器的飞行间隔.将交叉跑道冲突全域分解定义为前窗和后窗,依次建立直接交叉汇聚和非交叉汇聚跑道前窗、后窗的碰撞风险评估模型,并研究跑道交叉角度对侧向、纵向和垂直3个方向以及总体风险的影响程度.选取成都天府机场非交叉汇聚跑道组和美国威奇托机场直接交叉汇聚跑道组为实例进行仿真分析,结果表明天府机场冲突全域的范围为进近跑道入口前11.89 km至入口后6.44 km,威奇托机场冲突全域的范围为进近跑道入口前10.93km至入口后6.85km,将划设的交叉跑道冲突全域与规章中基于时间的尾流间隔约束相比较,可最终确定进近复飞与离场航空器的安全间隔,也可对未来国内交叉跑道构型相关运行模式下的安全间隔提供参考.     

基于合作博弈论的多机场终端区协同航班调度

针对多机场进离场航班协同调度问题,以协同决策(CDM)理念为基础,结合合作博弈论相关理论建立协同航班调度模型.模型主要分析机场、航空公司以及空管部门的效用函数和拒绝性函数,通过计算各航班拒绝性值和选择性值分析进离场航班次序.实例仿真表明,基于博弈论的协同航班调度优化模型有较好的准确性和实用性,有助于解决机场终端区的航班调度问题,较公平地兼顾了机场、航空公司和空管部门之间的利益.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.