污染负荷对新诺明生产废水厌氧处理性能的影响及抑制因子分析

研究了厌氧处理新诺明生产废水的性能,探讨了影响厌氧处理性能的因子.结果表明,有机负荷为0.5kg/(m~3·d)时,化学需氧量(COD)和硫酸盐的去除率分别达到50%和75%,系统性能良好.当有机负荷增大到1.0kg/(m~3·d)时,COD和硫酸盐的去除率分别降至34%和45%,且后期系统出现酸化现象:挥发性脂肪酸积累高达1.4g/L,pH值降低至6.6,表明厌氧系统出现了抑制现象.新诺明生产过程中不同工段废水的厌氧产甲烷试验研究表明,精制工段和缩合工段的两股废水产甲烷能力最差,但经过脱硫试验后产甲烷能力大幅提升.综合调节池废水经过脱硫试验后产甲烷能力提高了400%,确定了高硫酸盐浓度是新诺明生产废水厌氧处理的主要抑制因子.     

添加铁氧化物和活性炭对玉米秸秆两相厌氧消化性能和微生物学特性影响研究

为了提高玉米秸秆厌氧消化性能,将铁氧化物（Fe₂O₃,Fe₃O₄）和活性炭分别添加到玉米秸秆两相厌氧消化系统中的酸化相和甲烷相进行试验。结果表明,在酸化相和甲烷相中分别添加Fe₃O₄粉末和活性炭粉末（PAC）的试验组效果最佳。Fe₃O₄粉末添加到酸化相后,挥发性脂肪酸（volatile fatty acids,VFAs）与乙醇的总含量比对照组中两者的总含量提高了25.4%。酸化结束后加入活性炭粉末继续进行甲烷化试验,玉米秸秆累积产甲烷量达到7 965 mL,比对照组提高了27.8%。与对照组相比,添加Fe₃O₄粉末和活性炭粉末试验组的t₈₀（累积产甲烷量达到总甲烷产量的80%所用的时间）缩短了8 d,电导率提高了33.3%。从微生物群落角度分析,在Fe₃O₄+PAC试验组中,细菌优势菌属为Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,古菌优势菌属为Methanobacterium,可以提高H₂利用率并且促进厌氧过程中的直接种间电子传递（direct interspecies electron transfer,DIET）。因此,Fe₃O₄粉末和活性炭粉末的添加可以有效提高玉米秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷潜力。     

KOH预处理玉米秸秆与猪粪混合厌氧消化过程中性能参数变化规律研究

为了探究KOH预处理玉米秸秆与猪粪厌氧消化过程中性能参数的变化规律,采用间隔卸料的方式在中温条件下进行厌氧共发酵,结果表明：预处理玉米秸秆与猪粪混合后可以改善产气性能,提高厌氧消化效率。经KOH预处理后的玉米秸秆与猪粪混合原料的产气高峰比未预处理的玉米秸秆与猪粪混合原料的产气高峰提前了3~6 d,产气速率和累积甲烷产量分别比未预处理组提高了9.6%~65.6%和13.8%;预处理可使原料消化更彻底,有机物去除率达到71.1%;修正后的Gompertz方程能较好地反映厌氧消化产甲烷过程,其中预处理组的产甲烷率速率（基于挥发性固体含量）比未处理组提高了8.8%。因此,采用KOH预处理玉米秸秆可以提高混合厌氧消化的产甲烷性能。     

味精废水厌氧处理试验研究

味精废水含有高浓度的SO4^2-氨氮，该废水采用厌氧处理会产生高浓度的硫化氢，从而抑制厌氧菌的活性，高浓度的氨氮也对厌氧处理产生不利影响。针对以上存在的问题，通过实验研究，培养使用厌氧硫酸盐还原菌处理高浓度味精离交废水，使厌氧处理味精废水COD去除率达到80％。     

微量元素强化污泥和油脂厌氧共消化生物产气的研究

在序批式厌氧反应器中比较了污泥单独发酵,污泥+油脂,污泥+油脂+微量元素发酵生物气的产量及甲烷的含量并探究了微量元素对污泥和油脂共消化产甲烷的影响。实验结果表明微量元素的投加能够显著提高生物气的产量,并且产量为243 mL/g挥发性悬浮固体(VSS),是空白组的1.3倍。然而对甲烷的体积分数作用不明显。微量元素的存在能够提高水解和酸化过程,为产甲烷菌提供更多的消化基质。进一步研究发现,微量元素能够减少污泥和油脂共消化过程中长链脂肪酸的积累,减缓了长链脂肪酸对产甲烷菌的抑制影响。     

微量元素强化污泥和油脂厌氧共消化生物产气

在序批式厌氧反应器中比较了污泥单独发酵,污泥+油脂,污泥+油脂+微量元素发酵生物气的产量及甲烷的含量并探究了微量元素对污泥和油脂共消化产甲烷的影响。实验结果表明微量元素的投加能够显著提高生物气的产量,并且产量为243 mL/g挥发性悬浮固体(VSS),是空白组的1.3倍。然而对甲烷的体积分数作用不明显。微量元素的存在能够提高水解和酸化过程,为产甲烷菌提供更多的消化基质。进一步研究发现,微量元素能够减少污泥和油脂共消化过程中长链脂肪酸的积累,减缓了长链脂肪酸对产甲烷菌的抑制影响。     

含硫造纸废水处理中基质竞争及毒性问题的研究

本文阐述了用两相厌氧法成功地解决了在处理硫酸盐法和亚硫酸盐法制浆造纸废水过程中,出现的硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷茵的基质竞争和硫化物毒性问题。     

含抗生素废水脱氮处理中厌氧氨氧化工艺的应用及作用机制研究进展

厌氧氨氧化(anammox)工艺因其高效低耗的优势,在废水生物脱氮领域展现出了广阔的应用前景.近年来,抗生素的滥用导致大量抗生素被排入到水体中,这使得anammox细菌在处理这类废水时极有可能会受到抑制甚至毒害作用,制约了anammox工艺的推广应用.结合anammox菌自身优势和受限条件,文章综述了抗生素对anammox菌的影响及anammox工艺应用于抗生素废水脱氮处理的效能,并探讨了其作用机理.     

完全混合厌氧消化处理城市垃圾的特性研究

采用完全混合厌氧消化工艺处理城市垃圾，分析在不同条件下pH值和VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)的变化过程，结果表明在不同C：N比下，TS(进料固体含量)由10％增加到20％没有给消化系统pH和VFA带来显著变化，当码增加到30％时，厌氧消化系统pH值明显下降，VFA浓度较高，VFA浓度在C：N比为15：1时低于C：N比为25：1．针对完全混合厌氧消化过程复杂、影响因素多的特点采用正交实验的方法，研究在三因素条件下的厌氧消化过程，实验结果表明，温度对厌氧消化体系的影响程度最大，TS次之，C/N比的影响最小。     

煤气废水的厌氧消化及对微量元素的需求，

研究了煤气废水厌氧消化过程中微量元素对甲烷菌的激活作用,加入Fe、Co、Ni后产气速率和产气量都有明显提高,Fe、Co、Ni的最佳补充投加量为0．3mg／（L·d）、0．05mg／（L·d）、O．20mg／（L·d）;厌氧毒性测定结果表明煤气废水对厌氧菌有毒害作用,煤气废水的[C50％254mg／L．不同浓度的废水对甲烷菌的毒性类型不同：煤气废水中COD浓度在180mg／L以下属代谢毒性,300mg／L时属生理毒性,大于450mg／L时属杀菌毒性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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