季铵型阳离子蓖麻油加脂剂的制备及其加脂性能

以蓖麻油、ETA为原料，通过醚化反应合成季铵型阳离子蓖麻油，以此为主要成分复配成阳离子加脂剂，通过含氮量及加脂量的测定，分析表明：此类加脂剂是一种多功能阳离子加脂剂，同时兼加脂和固色作用。     

酯交换季铵型阳离子大豆油表面活性剂的合成及物化性能研究

以大豆油为基本原料,经过酯交换、环氧化、季铵化一系列反应合成酯交换季铵型阳离子表面活性剂,研究它的物化性能,并与季铵型阳离子大豆油表面活性剂和广泛使用的CTAB进行对比,结果表明:经过酯交换合成的季铵型阳离子表面活性剂能较显著地降低水的表面张力,具有更低的临界胶束浓度.     

用菜油生产皮革加脂剂软皮白油

软皮白油是皮革工业中最常见的油脂型加脂剂。皮革加脂剂是皮革加工业中的重要化工原料,成革经加脂处理后,将变得丰满、滑润、柔软,不仅外观质量大大提高,而且其内在品质也大大改善。国内皮革加工业中每年所需加脂剂近万吨。以往,软皮白油均由蓖麻油经硫酸化处理后生成所谓的蓖麻油太古油,再与机油复配而成。但由于蓖麻油是一种用途十分广泛的工业用油,加上我国的蓖麻油产量低,远     

绿色含硼加脂剂的制备与性能

将蓖麻油进行硼酸酯化,用氢氧化钠和三乙醇胺中和制备了一种绿色硼酸酯阴离子型皮革加脂剂,讨论了反应物料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量和中和方式对加脂剂稳定性及加脂性能的影响。结果表明当蓖麻油与硼酸的质量比为(3.0~4.0):1、催化剂用量为反应物质量的2%、反应温度为80~85℃时,制得的加脂剂具有良好的润滑性、稳定性,加脂效果与传统的磷酸化蓖麻油相当。工艺环境友好,简使易行。     

绿色含硼加脂剂的制备与性能

将蓖麻油进行硼酸酯化,用氢氧化钠和三乙醇胺中和制备了一种绿色硼酸酯阴离子型皮革加脂剂,讨论了反应物料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量和中和方式对加脂剂稳定性及加脂性能的影响.结果表明当蓖麻油与硼酸的质量比为(3.0～4.0):1、催化剂用量为反应物质量的2%、反应温度为80～85 ℃时,制得的加脂剂具有良好的润滑性、稳定性,加脂效果与传统的磷酸化蓖麻油相当.工艺环境友好,简使易行.     

磷酸化酯交换蓖麻油加脂剂制备及性能的研究

以蓖麻油为主要原料,采用五氧化二磷为磷酸化试剂,合成磷酸化酯交换蓖麻油加脂剂及提高单酯含量的工艺条件。通过对该产品的物理、化学性能测试与应用试验结果看出,该产品是一种具有发展前景的高档加脂新材料。     

新型水溶性抑菌剂咪唑季铵型反丁烯二酸单辛酯的合成及其抑菌活性研究

设计、合成并表征了新型水溶性抑菌剂咪唑季铵型反丁烯二酸单辛酯．采用光电比浊法、平板法和抑菌圈法测定咪唑季铵型反丁烯二酸单辛酯对细菌、霉菌、酵母的抑菌效果．结果表明,咪唑季铵型反丁烯二酸单辛酯具有较强的抑菌活性,且效果优于山梨酸和苯甲酸．碱性环境中,咪唑季铵型反丁烯二酸单辛酯抑菌活性较强．     

三长链烷基季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的合成

以个长链烷基二亚乙基三胺和脂肪酸为原料，经酰胺化、季铵化合成了６种未见文献报道的三长链烷基季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂。     

CO2共聚物离聚物的合成

分别合成了支链型含阴离子和嵌段型含阳离子CO2共聚物,采用聚碳酸亚丙酯和含季铵离子的低聚物经异氰酸酯类物质扩链合成了嵌段型含季铵离子的CO2共聚物,通过改变PPC与QPECH的摩尔比或采用不同分子量的PPC进行扩链,合成了不同离子含量和不同离子分布的含季铵离子的CO2共聚物;采用含双键的CO2三元共聚物,通过接枝丙烯酸的办法引入了羧基,结果表明,接枝共聚物的溶解性多种因素影响,且本文对各种影响因素进行了考察并取得较好结果,并通过元素分析、滴定分析及^1HNMR、IR等对离聚物进行了表征。     

季铵型阳离子淀粉的合成研究

以木薯淀粉为原料与阳离子醚化剂和碱性催化剂的混合物进行反应，采用湿法合成季铵型阳离子淀粉。通过对季铵型阳离子淀粉取代度和反应效率等重要指标的分析，着重讨论了合成过程中反应温度、反应时间、醚化剂用量、催化剂用量等因素对取代度及反应效率的影响；确定了用氢氧化钠为催化剂时的最佳反应条件。所得产品适用于造纸工业。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.