烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

浅谈区域地球化学特征在农业种植和医疗保健的意义

笔者在省内地质普查工作和有关资料综合研究中,发现在相同的气候等条件下,因地质背景及地化特征不同;农作物的生长、品质差异较大;当地的居民的健康状况不一,而且其表现特点与区域地球化学分布特征具有明显的相关性.本文就此探讨区域地球化学特征在农业及生命科学上的意义,结合点是地球化学元素,主要分析了土壤中特征元素含量及特征元素组合与植物生长效应和探寻某些疾病原因,并寻求对策,阐述了化学,生物与物理间的相互作用与研究技术方法等,提出根据地化环境特征,科学划分土壤类型,编制农业生态图和医疗保健有效态图,发挥地化特征在农业和医疗保健的应用,以提高农业经济效益和人类生存质量.     

磁性药物微球的药物释放规律及磁定向规律研究

磁性药物微球的组成直接影响其药物释放速度。当微球中固化白蛋白含量近接时，药物含量越高，微球的能性越好；药物含量相同时，固化白蛋白含量越高，药物的通透性越差。磁性药物微球的水悬浮液通过外磁场时的定位量随着介质流速的减小，外磁场的增强和微球中Ｆｅ３Ｏ４含量的产加而增加。增加分散质度时，球的定位量减小。     

健美操运动员赛前焦虑的调节

通过对120名参加2004年南京林业大学健美操通级同学的问卷调查及观察，针对健美操比赛前运动员的心理状况对比赛结果的影响较其它项目大，赛前焦虑表现更为频繁和多样的现象，结合健美操比赛的特点，运用对认知、情绪的调节，并辅以战术调整、音乐、服装的配合，以及场景模拟等方法消除或减轻运动员赛前的焦虑，使其能集中精力，轻装上阵，取得好成绩。     

深基坑桩锚支护的数值模拟

对利用FLAC3D进行深基坑数值模拟时经常遇到的一个关键而又常被忽视的结构单元连接问题进行了详细探讨,阐述了结构单元的连接方法、种类与性质,利用结构单元连接理论对某一采用桩锚联合支护的深基坑开挖工程进行了模拟分析,研究了桩的最大水平位移、弯矩、内力以及锚杆轴力、附近建筑物基础底面沉降随施工过程的变化规律。指出桩的最大水平位移并不是发生在桩顶处,而是在基坑开挖到的位置附近;桩的弯矩在整个桩长范围内正负交替出现;桩的受力主要为压力,而且最大值也是出现在基坑开挖到的位置附近;锚杆轴力在端部最大,然后逐渐减小,在尾部几乎为零;附近建筑物基础在靠近基坑一端有被抬升的趋势,而另一端则有下降的趋势。     

基于蚁群算法的振动筛参数优化设计

目的 为研究振动筛的筛分参数对振动筛筛分效率的影响以及筛分颗粒在筛分过程中的运动规律,对振动筛进行参数优化设计。方法 首先建立振动筛的三维模型,使用离散元分析软件EDEM对振动筛的筛分过程进行模拟仿真并使用正交试验法设计了多组振动筛筛分试验,通过离散单元法分析了振动筛的振幅、振动频率和振动方向角三个运动学参数对筛分效率的影响。对正交试验结果进行多元非线性拟合,在拟合函数的基础上使用蚁群算法寻找最佳筛分效率对应的振动参数值。结果 振动频率增大会导致颗粒在筛箱中跳动次数过大,颗粒一直处于跳起状态,颗粒通过筛孔的概率降低,使筛分效率下降。振频对筛分效率的影响与振幅相似,随着振频的增大,筛面抖动加剧,对颗粒的作用力增大,颗粒在空中的时间增加,导致颗粒进入筛孔的机率减小,筛分效率下降。振动方向角增大时,筛分效率呈先增后减趋势,方向角过小时,颗粒朝几乎平行于筛网的方向弹出,与筛网总接触时间减小,透过筛孔的砂粒减小,方向角过大时,颗粒垂直于筛面弹出,筛分速度变慢,颗粒容易在筛面上堆积,可透过筛孔的颗粒在筛分过程中与筛面接触的机会减小,最终透过筛孔的颗粒减少,筛分效率下降。结论 当振幅为2 mm,振频...     

高层货架货格数目整数规划模型

分析了货架结构和组成部分,将货架建设费用细分为货架基本材料费用、紧固件费用、加工费用三部分,并配合堆垛机的运行参数,提出了建设费用与运行费用之和最低为目标函数,以货架货格数量、水平分布、垂直分布为离散控制变量,建立了高层货架最佳货格整数规划模型,编写了相应的计算机数值分析程序,进行了算例的实证分析,完善了斯麦霍夫模型.     

网络环境下图书馆信息资源的优化管理

在网络环境下，信息资源的内涵和载体都发生了变化，出现了传统的纸质资源，以磁盘、光盘为载体的电子资源，以网络为依托的网络资源三者共存的局面，也产生了新的信息传递和运用方式，不仅丰富了馆藏内容，也使信息资源的管理更加趋于复杂化，其中优化信息采访、编目的管理，是优化图书馆信息资源的前提，而优化网络资源的管理是信息资源管理的核心。     

基于ANSYS的后装压缩式垃圾车刮板有限元分析

刮板是后装压缩式垃圾车用于收集垃圾的主要工作部件,其受力变形问题对整车的工作性能影响较大。为了实现轻量化设计,在分析刮板受力的基础上,利用NX和ANSYS软件,建立简化模型、划分网格、添加载荷与约束,得到刮板的应力应变云图;通过分析应力应变云图,得出刮板的最大应变出现在刮板下半部分的中部,最大应力出现在零件间接缝处的结论。因此,通过采取筋板不均匀布置、刮板两侧减重、增强压板接缝处的焊接质量,对刮板结构优化,进而节约企业成本、提高竞争力有较大的好处。     

电视媒体如何应对数字传媒的挑战

电视媒体作为党和人民的喉舌,只有贯彻“三贴近”原则,在体现党的意志和反映人民心声的结合上下工夫,在弘扬主旋律和提倡多样化的结合上下工夫,在真诚服务和正确引导的结合上下工夫,才能应对数字传媒的挑战,求得生存与发展。     

导线张力对防振器防振效果影响试验与数值研究

为了研究导线中张力大小对不同防振装置的防振效果的影响规律,设计了导线微风振动室内模拟试验,测试不同张力大小、防振方案、激振频率和激振振幅的导线振动水平。试验结果表明,导线-防振装置体系的固有频率与导线中张力的大小有关,防振锤与阻尼线的防振效果随导线张力大小的变化规律有所不同;而且张力大小对防振装置防振效果的影响程度也因防振方案的改变而有所差异。建立了导线-防振装置体系的有限元模型,做找形分析,在找形的基础上进行谐响应分析。数值仿真结果与试验研究中得到的规律吻合较好。