Energy, Environment, Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Cassavabased Ethanol Used as Automotive Fuel in Guangxi Province, China

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the energy, environmental and economic impacts of converting cassava to fuel ethanol in Guangxi Province, China. The entire life cycle is a system that includes stages from cassava farming to ethanol fuel combustion. A computer-based model was developed to assess energy, environmental, and economic (EEE) life cycle implication of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The LCA results for fuel ethanol were compared to conventional gasoline (CG) as a base-line case. On the life-cycle bases, the use of cassava-based ethanol fuel in Guangxi may consume more energy but reduce greenhouse gas, VOC, and CO emissions. Life cycle cost results indicate that although fuel ethanol currently is not competitive compared to conventional gasoline, it has great potentials when there are subsidies and/or yields of cassava planting are improved. In terms of balancing the energy, environmental and economical, the introduction form of cassavabased ethanol fuel would be E10. The assessment results generated from this study provide an important reference for Guangxi policy makers to better understand the trade-offs among energy, environmental effects, and economics for the most effective using of regional energy resources.     

A brief introduction to National Laboratory for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

In line with the rapid development of research on high-temperature superconductors, the establishment of a National Laboratory for Superconductivity in the Institute of Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was ratified by the State Commission of Development & Planning (SCDP) in 1987. The preparations were started in 1988, and in April of 1991,the Laboratory was finally established, accepted and listed as a National Laboratory open to both domestic and foreign researchers. After the joint appraisal and acceptance by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science & Technology, it was honored with a title of the Outstanding National Laboratory in 2000.     

An endpoint damage oriented model for life cycle environmental impact assessment of buildings in China

The midpoint impact assessment methodology and several weighting methods that are currently used by most building Life cycle assessment （LCA） researchers in China, still have some shortcomings. In order to make the evaluation results have better temporal and spatial applicability, the endpoint impact assessment methodology was adopted in this paper. Based on the endpoint damage oriented concept, four endpoints of resource exhaustion, energy exhaustion, human health damage and ecosystem damage were selected according to the situation of China and the specialties of the building industry. Subsequently the formula for calculating each endpoint, the background value for normalization and the weighting factors were defined. Following that, an endpoint damage oriented model to evaluate the life cycle environmental impact of buildings in China was established. This model can produce an in- tegrated indicator for environmental impact, and consequently provides references for directing the sustainable building design.     

Synthesis of Water-dispersed Polyurethane Adhesive and Its Application in Pigment Printing

Water-dispersed polyurethane (PU) adhesive is a novel and highly efficient adhesive with broad application potential. In this study, the key parameters affecting the synthesis and application of this adhesive were examined, and optimal conditions were identified. The water-dispersed PU adhesive was successfully synthesized, and applied in the fastness test of pigment printing on cotton fabric. The data demonstrated that all the fastnesses of PU adhesive were better than that of the cenventional PA one.     

Analysis of the Ecological and Toxicological Properties of Dyes with Reference to Safety Data Sheet

In recent years,the public awareness and concern forthe environment has increased significantly.This has re-sulted in tougher legislation and more stringent standardsfor the industry to comply.In the past,the cost,fast-ness properties and colour yield were the prime consider-ations when dyeing systems were to be selected.Today,special emphasis is also laid on the environmental prop-erties of the dyes.In this paper,the various ecologicaland toxicological properties from safety data sheet of dif-ferent dye classes were studied so as to assess the impactof the textile dyeing effluent on the environment qualita-tively and quantitatively.The results showed that eachdye class produces waste of vastly differing quantities and characteristics.Moreover,the variability of the pollu-tion parameters within each dye class was found to be very large,thus it was believed that substituting dyes of lower degree of pollution to the environment can be aneffective means to reduce the degree of pollution of the dyeing efflue     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of impervious surface areas across China during the early 21st century

China has experienced an unprecedented urbanization and industrialization in the past decades. In this research, we examined the dynamics of construction lands and impervious surface areas (ISA) based on land use/cover change and ISA datasets between 2000 and 2008, which were provided by the national resources and environmental remote sensing information platform. The results indicated that the construction areas and ISA increased by 3468.30 and 2212.24 km 2 /a in this period primarily due to the implementation of national macro-development strategies and fast-growing economy. In 2008, ISA accounted for 0.86% of the total land area in China. Urban land areas increased by 43.46% between 2000 and 2008. The annual growth rate of 1788.22 km 2 /a in this period was 2.18 times that in the 1990s. In particular, urban ISA increased by 53.30% between 2000 and 2008 with an annual growth rate of 1348.85 km 2 /a. During the 8 years, the ISA in China increased rapidly, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Region, Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and the western China region. The increasing ISA may influence potentially water environmental quality in the major basins. In particular, the number of subbasins having ISA of greater than 10% increased considerably, which were primarily distributed in the Haihe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins. In 2008, 14.42% of the basin areas were affected by the increased ISA.     

Assessing the Risk Situation of Network Security for Active Defense

The risk situation assessment and forecast technique of network security is a basic method of active defense techniques. In order to assess the risk of network security two methods were used to define the index of risk and forecast index in time series, they were analytical hierarchy process （AHP） and support vector regression （SVR）. The module framework applied the methods above was also discussed. Experiment results showed the forecast values were so close to actual values and so it proved the approach is correct.     

Corrosion behavior of Ni–P/nano-TiC composite coating prepared in electroless baths containing different types of surfactant

In current research, in order to enhance the incorporation of nano-sized TiC particles into electroless Ni–P (EN) coating, different types of surfactant (cationic, anionic, and polymeric) were added to the plating bath. The effects of addition of the surfactants on surface morphology, deposition rate, TiC and P contents of the prepared coatings were investigated. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demonstrated that in the presence of the anionic, polymeric and somehow cationic surfactants, TiC nano-particles were embedded in the matrix which influenced the surface morphology. The effect of surfactant types on the corrosion properties of Ni–P/TiC coated steel was also studied. Corrosion behavior of the coated steel was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which affected by the incorporation of TiC particles into the Ni–P matrix. The level of corrosion resistance improvement depended largely on the phosphorous and TiC concentration of the applied coating.     

Spatial analyzing system for urban land use management based on GIS and multi-criteria assessment modeling

Urban land management requires the integration of a wide range of data on ecological process, environmental process and process on urban planning and development. This paper combined land suitability modeling with remote sensing （RS）, landscape ecological analysis and geographic information system （GIS） to develop a spatial analyzing system for urban expansion land management. The spatial analyzing system incorporates the use of a multi-criteria mechanism in GIS for the suitability evaluation of urban expansion land. Grey relational analysis （GRA） was combined with analytic hierarchy process （AHP） to address the uncertainties during the process of evaluation. This approach was applied to explicitly identify constraints and opportunities for future land conservation and development in Changsha City, China. Validation of the methodology showed a high degree of coincidence with the previous independent studies as regards ecological suitability. The methodology can be useful in environmental protection, land management and regional planning.     

Experimental Research on Methane Control of Mining Upper Protective Layers

In order to solve coal and gas outbursts during mining coal seam,studying on related problems were carried out. According to the theories of mining upper protective layer,proper mining plan were designed and performed through field experiment. By means of examining several parameters obtained from the field experiment,the protective effects were evaluated and the protective scope and related parameters were determined. The results of field experiment show that the danger of outbursts was evidently eliminated and the method of mining protective layers is effective and the safety and economic benefits are remarkable. The research has really applied worth and will give beneficial references to mining area with analogous conditions.     

生命周期管理框架与实施

介绍了国外企业环境管理中采用的一种有效方法－－生命周期管理。将生命周期管理与基于同样理论基础的生命周期评价进行比较,论述生命周期管理的基本概念和具体实施步骤,并通过实例说明该方法对促进企业环境管理,协调经济目标与环境目标关系的重要性。     

建设项目全寿命周期管理中的知识集成

建设项目全寿命周期集成管理的提出，解决了传统项目管理模式中由于各个阶段脱节产生的弊端．它将决策阶段开发管理（DM）、实施阶段业主方项目管理（OPM）和运营阶段物业管理（FM）进行综合考虑．本文对项目全寿命周期管理中的知识集成进行探讨．     

材料生命周期评价方法与应用进展

 近20年来,生命周期评价(LCA)这一理念在工业、农业、建筑业等多种领域中得到了广泛的应用。LCA以环境科学为主要研究重点,评估产品对环境的影响,以及二者间的相互作用。本文简要介绍了LCA的定义、框架、起源及发展,重点介绍了生命周期的评价方法。对建筑材料、金属材料和节能装置等LCA应用领域进行了分别论述,所介绍方法均为近几年来在以上3个领域中得到研究并应用于相关材料的生命评价研究之中。文中所提到的方法均以所研究材料对环境的影响作用为主,部分方法同时考虑了经济因素的影响,即在生命周期评价之中引入了生命周期成本(LCC)评估概念,这一做法更符合企业对生命周期评价的要求,保证了企业利益的条件下最大限度地减少环境的影响。最后,全面分析了文中涉及的评价方法,发现其相同的缺陷,即忽略了材料寿命这一关键因素在不同环境下的变动,提出使用环境寿命代替设计寿命的想法,进一步完善了生命周期评价过程,使得其成为更有力的决策工具。     

水泥企业环境污染因素识别系统设计

水泥企业环境污染因素识别系统以基于作业的产品生命周期环境污染因素识别为原理,在建立标准材料库、作业库和污染指标库基础上,通过产品输入、作业输入、检索和计算的方法统计出企业环境污染因素,并打印各种数据表格.     

从环境材料学展望汽车工业用钢材的现状与前景

从汽车工业发展和资源环境合理利用出发 ,介绍了环境材料的基本概念和汽车工业的环境影响评价 ,从环境材料学的观点 ,着重综述了汽车工业用钢材的现状和发展前景 ,指出了汽车工业用钢材环境材料化的可能途径 ,特别强调了基于再生循环的材料设计思想     

用寿命周期评价法分析混凝土业对环境的影响

应用寿命周期评价法（LCA）,阐述和分析了与混凝土生产有关的环境问题,如废渣、废气、废水以及能源、原材料、水和土地资源的消耗等,并探讨了有可能引起的地球变暖和酸雨化等潜在的环境问题。     

面向包装企业的LCA数据管理信息系统的研究与开发

生命周期评价(LCA)作为ISO14000环境管理系列标准提出的一种环境管理思想和工具,在包装企业和政府环境管理中已获得越来越广泛的应用;分析了国内外LCA数据库软件的不足,开发了具有开放性、可移植性、可拓展性、清单分析和影响评价相结合、定性定量评价相结合五大特点的LCA数据管理信息系统。     

生命周期评价数据收集及清单分析研究

在分析生命周期评价的技术框架基础上，探讨了LCA中数据收集以及编制数据清单分析中分析范围的确定、产品生命周期流程图的绘制、建立清单分析数据库等问题。     

基于全生命周期的质量驱动产品开发关键技术及应用

针对目前质量驱动产品设计研究中存在的问题和不足 ,首次提出了基于全生命周期质量驱动产品设计系统的概念 ,以全生命周期设计过程和质量保证工具为研究主线 ,建立了智能支持的全生命周期质量驱动产品设计系统的集成模型 ,开发了原型系统。本文着重论述了集成模型及其实现的关键技术。     

基于多源数据分析的变电站状态维护策略优化方法

针对传统的电力设备基于状态的维护(condition based maintenance,CBM)策略在进行建模及数据优化时出现结果精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于多源数据分析的变电站状态维护策略优化方法.首先,通过分析不同类型组件之间的互联关系,将变电站分为不同的维护单元从而使同一单元内组件可同时维护;其次,为定量评估维护前后零件的可靠性,分别建立了基于健康指数(health index,HI)和寿命降低因子的失效率计算模型,并针对故障零件的位置和严重程度,提出了替代各类组件故障或缺陷的维护策略;再次,依据生命周期成本理论(life cycle cost,LCC),以最低总成本为维护周期优化目标建立了CBM优化模型.最后,通过应用实例验证了所提策略的有效性,该优化策略可显著提高变电站的供电可靠性及经济性.