液相脉冲放电法合成碳化硅纳米晶

采用在有机物液体中脉冲放电的方法,以液态有机物二甲基硅油为原料制备了具有纳米尺寸的碳化硅颗粒。产物成分由X射线衍射和Raman光谱确定,碳化硅粉体为β型;尺寸由X射线衍射估算并由透射电镜观察,平均晶粒尺寸在20nm左右。     

CeOx与ZnO纳米复合粉体的制备与表面分析

利用溶胶-凝胶方法在不同温度下制备了CeOx与ZnO纳米复合粉体。并用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析和表面光电压谱研究了这些粉体的表面情况。分析结果表明,CeOx主要包覆在ZnO复合粉体颗粒的表面,颗粒表面Ce3+、Ce4+共存,存在结晶较好的CeO2相。600℃条件下制备的复合粉体表面有明显的丝状物,表面积增大,表面的丝状物可能是CeO2。表面光电压谱分析表明粉体整体上属于N型。     

SiCp/Mg非均匀纳米复合材料的微结构演化与合成机理

研究了通过一步球磨的粉末冶金工艺制备Si Cp/Mg非均匀纳米复合材料的机理。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对SiCp/Mg复合粉体的形貌演化过程、非均匀纳米复合材料的物相组成和微观结构特征进行了分析。结果表明:在球磨的过程中,附着在镁颗粒表面的纳米碳化硅粉体嵌入镁颗粒的表层形成核壳结构;复合粉体芯部不仅没有SiC颗粒,而且未受到研磨球的直接作用,使得复合粉体芯部仍然保持为尺寸较大的粗晶,将这种复合粉体进行烧结就能获得非均匀纳米复合材料;通过调节球磨时间,可以对非均匀纳米复合材料的微观结构进行调控。     

Au—LiNbO3纳米颗粒膜的制备和物性分析

采用复合靶共溅射技术,在单晶Ｓｉ基片和石英玻璃基片以及钠硅酸盐玻璃基片上分别制备得到了Ａｕ－ＬｉＮｂＯ３和Ａｕ－ＮａＮｂＯ３纳米复合颗粒膜,利用Ｘ射线衍射谱和电子能谱对复合膜的结构和物相进行了分析,观测到Ａｕ－ＬｉＮｂＯ３纳米复合颗粒膜在５９３ｎｍ波段存在强度等离子体共振吸收。     

室温合成硒化银纳米粒子及其X射线光电子能谱表征

在室温下制备了硒化银纳米粒子,本过程选用了新型的还原剂多聚甲醛。所得产物用X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜进行了表征。     

银纳米粒子在聚苯乙烯球表面的异相成核与生长

采用原位化学还原法,将银纳米颗粒直接沉积到没有进行任何活化处理的聚苯乙烯（Polysty-rene,PS）亚微米球的表面.运用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微观察（TEM）和X射线能谱（EDS）等分析手段对产物的成分、形态、尺寸、以及分布等特征进行了详细表征.结果表明,产物为大量均匀的PS-Ag复合粒子,银纳米粒子以带状为主,并沿着球形基体的弧形表面不连续分布.高分辨电子显微分析（HRTEM）表明,银粒子均为结晶度较高的单晶,它们与非晶PS球形基体之间结合的很好,这应归因于银在基体表面的异相成核及沿着与球面切向方向的生长.此外,研究了反应物浓度、温度等因素对银纳米粒子在PS球表面沉积的影响.根据实验结果,详细探讨了原位化学还原过程中银纳米粒子在非晶PS球表面的异相成核与生长的机理.     

甲苯热还原法制备超细镍纳米微粉的研究

以甲苯作为溶剂,在不锈钢反应釜中用KBH4还原NiCl2制备了超细镍纳米微粉.反应最佳温度为240℃,反应时间为10 h.X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果显示,产物为单相的面心立方晶镍.透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,产品呈棉团状,这些棉团由细小的纳米颗粒组成.颗粒直径在2 nm左右,尺寸分布均匀.镍纳米微粉的磁矫顽力为73.37 Oe.     

壳聚糖/Fe3O4复合纳米颗粒的制备

以柠檬酸为改性剂,制备水基Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,基于静电自组装作用,使壳聚糖分子在水溶液中包覆Fe3O4纳米晶粒,获得壳聚糖/Fe3O4复合纳米颗粒液溶胶。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析结果表明,复合纳米颗粒平均粒径为49.0 nm,标准差为11.0 nm。X射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（FT-IR）分析结果表明,复合纳米颗粒由壳聚糖分子和Fe3O4晶体粒子构成。     

可见光敏感型纳米氮氧化钛光催化剂的制备和表征

利用高温气固相反应合成制备纳米氮氧化钛．研究制备过程中反应温度和反应时间对样品粒径和晶型的影响．采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和紫外可见光谱等手段对样品形态结构进行表征．结果表明，纳米氮氧化钛粒径为10～30nm，平均晶粒尺寸为16nm，颗粒晶型为锐钛矿型，并且发现氮氧化钛对波长在400～500nm的可见光有明显吸收．     

TiO2复合对La2／3（Ca0.65Ba0.35）1／3MnO3电输运和磁电阻效应的影响

利用甘氨酸-硝酸盐(GNP)法合成了La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3纳米颗粒体系, 与TiO2复合后, 得到La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3/xTiO2体系(x=0,0.02,0.035,0.055,0.09,0.17), 通过X射线衍射、 Raman光谱、扫描电子显微镜和磁电阻效应测试, 对合成产物的结构及性能进行表征. 结果表明, 样品均成立方对称结构, 复合使低场磁电阻增强, 电阻率增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to