有序态和无序态Ni3Mn的环境氢脆

研究了有序和无序Ni3Mn在室温下不同气氛(真空、空气、和氢气)中的力学性能.结果表明:有序态和无序态Ni3Mn不存在明显的由空气中水汽诱发的环境氢脆;在氢气气氛中,两者均存在明显的环境氢脆现象,且无序态脆性程度略高于有序态.有序Ni3Mn的拉伸曲线存在明显的屈服平台,而无序态没有.有序态强度高于无序态.扫描电镜观察表明:无序态和有序态Ni3Mn在真空和空气中全部为韧性断口.在氢气中,无序态基本为沿晶断口,而有序态则表现为穿晶和沿晶混合断口.     

有序化对(Fe,Ni)3V合金环境氢脆的影响

研究了室温下不同有序度的(Fe,Ni)3V在真空、空气和氢气中的力学性能.结果表明不同有序度的(Fe,Ni)3V均不存在空气中水气诱发的环境氢脆;无序态(Fe,Ni)3V在氢气环境下存在轻微的脆性;而有序态在氢气中有强烈的脆化作用,其脆性随有序化程度提高而增加.扫描电镜观察表明无序态合金在不同气氛中断裂时全部为韧性断口;有序态合金在空气和真空中基本上也为穿晶韧性断口,但在氢气中的断口形貌大部分为脆性断口.     

掺杂金属离子对α－FeOOH的形态调节作用

采用ＴＥＭ、ＨＲＥＭ、ＤＴＡ和ＸＲＤ等表征方法，研究了掺杂Ｎｉ￣（２＋）、Ｃｒ￣（３＋）、Ｌａ￣（３＋）和Ｃｅ￣（３＋）四种金属阳离子对α－ＦｅＯＯＨ粒子形态的影响及其作用机制。结果表明，掺杂Ｎｉ￣（２＋）和Ｃｒ￣（３＋）可明显提高α－ＦｅＯＯＨ粒子的轴比，而掺杂Ｌａ￣（３＋）和Ｃｅ￣（３＋）则不能；Ｎｉ￣（２＋）、Ｌａ￣（３＋）和Ｃｅ￣（３＋）亦可抑制ａ－ＦｅＯＯＨ枝叉的形成。研究发现，杂质离子改变了铁黄表面和本体结构，且提高铁黄粒子轴比的作用源于其抑制α－ＦｅＯＯＨ短轴方向（１２０）晶面的生长速率。     

用热分析方法研究制备了Ni／Al2O3催化剂过程中的热分…

以Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２．６Ｈ２Ｏ为参照物，用热重分析和差热分析方法，通过研究一系列不同Ｎｉ负载量的Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的热分解过程发现，无论是在空气气氛还是氮气气氛中，纯Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２．６Ｈ２Ｏ的分解均是分五步进行的，其中前四步为脱水，后一步是Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２分解为Ｎｉ２Ｏ３．当Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２负载于Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面后，其分解情况随载Ｎｉ量的不同而发生变化。与纯Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２．６Ｈ２Ｏ相比，     

膜厚对NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe磁阻效应的影响

用射频磁控溅射方法制备多层膜,研究了双层膜ＮｉＯ／ＮｉＦｅ的矫顽力Ｈｃ和交换耦合场Ｈｅｘ与反铁磁层ＮｉＯ、铁磁层ＮｉＦｅ厚度的关系,结果表明：ＮｉＯ厚度为７０ｎｍ时,Ｈｅｘ最大;Ｈｃ随ＮｉＯ厚度增大而增大．当ＮｉＦｅ厚度增加时,Ｈｅｘ近似线性减小;而Ｈｃ则随ＮｉＦｅ厚度增大开始有缓慢增加,然后才减小．对于ＮｉＯ（７０ｎｍ）／ＮｉＦｅ（ｔ１）／Ｃｕ（２．２ｎｍ）／ＮｉＦｅ（ｔ２）自旋阀多层膜材料（括号内的量表示厚度）,研究了ＮｉＦｅ膜厚度对磁阻效应的影响,结果表明：被钉扎层ＮｉＦｅ的厚度为３ｎｍ,自由层ＮｉＦｅ的厚度为５ｎｍ时,ＭＲ值最大,约为１．６％．     

掺杂金属离子对α—FeOOH的形态调节作用

采用ＴＥＭ、ＨＲＥＭ、ＤＴＡ和ＸＲＤ等表征方法，研究了掺杂Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｌａ＾３＋和Ｃｅ＾３＋四种金属阳离子对α－ＦｅＯＯＨ粒子形态的影响及其作用机制。结果表明，掺杂Ｎｉ＾２＋和Ｃｒ＾３＋可明显提高α－ＦｅＯＯＨ粒子的轴比，而掺杂Ｌａ＾３＋和Ｃｅ＾３＋则不能；Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｌａ＾３＋和Ｃｅ＾３＋亦可抑制α－ＦｅＯＯＨ枝叉的形成。研制发现，杂质离子改变了铁黄表面和本体结构，且提高铁黄粒子轴比     

用热分析方法研究制备Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂过程中的热分解过程

以Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２·６Ｈ２Ｏ为参照物，用热重分析和差热分析方法，通过研究一系列不同Ｎｉ负载量的Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的热分解过程发现，无论是在空气气氛还是氮气气氛中，纯Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２·６Ｈ２Ｏ的分解均是分五步进行的，其中前四步为脱水，后一步是Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２分解为Ｎｉ２Ｏ３．当Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２负载于Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面后，其分解情况随载Ｎｉ量的不同而发生变化．与纯Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２·６Ｈ２Ｏ相比，负载后的样品的脱水变得更为容易了．在最终含Ｎｉ３％的样品上，分解过程仅有两步：第一步是在较低温度下失水，第二步则是Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２分解为ＮｉＯ．随着Ｎｉ含量的增高，失水又开始分步，并向Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２·６Ｈ２Ｏ的分解靠近．总的说来，Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２的分解变得容易了，它能在更低温度下分解，分解产物可能包括Ｎｉ２Ｏ３     

氢在无序态和有序态Ni3Fe合金中的扩散行为

采用电解渗氢的方法研究室温下氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散行为.研究结果表明,在相同渗氢温度下,渗氢后的Ni₃Fe合金的延伸率随渗氢时间的增加而降低,拉伸断口上的沿晶断裂区(IG)的深度随渗氢时间的增加而增加;在相同渗氢时间下,合金拉伸断口上的沿晶断裂区的深度随渗氢温度的增加而增加.沿晶脆性断裂区的深度与渗氢温度和时间的关系符合菲克扩散方程的解.时间滞后法计算结果表明,氢在无序态Ni₃Fe合金中的表观扩散系数高于在有序态合金中的表观扩散系数.氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散激活能分别为44.9 kJ/mol和29.5 kJ/mol.     

NiO／γ—Al2O3体系分散态研究

对不同温度下焙烧的ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３体系的ＸＲＤ研究表明,ＮｉＯ在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面分散阈值随温度升高而增加,在低于５５０℃时,呈单层分散状态,而在较高温度时,有一定量的ＮｉＯ进入体相,此时ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３体系为ＮｉＯ晶相,分散相和体相三相混合体。     

纺锤型γ－FeOOH的合成及其热分析研究

采用空气氧化ＦｅＳＯ４与Ｎａ２ＣＯ３作用生成的Ｆｅ（ＣＯ３）ｘ（ＯＨ）２（１－ｘ）悬浮液体系，通过稀土离子Ｙ３＋的掺杂合成出均匀纺锤型铁黄γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ微晶．由ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ和ＸＲＤ分析得出γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ随温度升高，发生如下相变过程：γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ→γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３→α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３．本文还对γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ的脱水过程机制和以γ－ＦｅＯＯＨ为中间体经热处理制备的纺锤形γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３磁性能作了初步探讨．     

Fe对氢在无序态和有序态Ni3Fe合金中扩散的影响

研究阴极渗氢时Fe的化学计量比对氢原子在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中扩散的影响.在相同渗氢条件下,随着Fe含量的增加,渗氢后无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金的拉伸延伸率逐渐增加,断口上的沿晶断口深度逐渐减小.时间滞后法计算结果表明,在相同渗氢条件下,随着Fe含量的增加,氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的表观扩散系数和表观扩散激活能逐渐减少.在相同条件下,氢在无序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散系数大于氢在有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散系数.     

Environmental embrittlement of intermetallics

The effect of alloying elements on the environmental embrittlement of L12 type intermetallics is sum marized. The results show that the ductilizing effect of boron doping in Ni3A1 is mainly to suppress the moisture-induced environmental embrittlement. The mechanism of this suppression effect is proved to lie in the fact that it severely reduces the hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries. However, the boron doping in Co3Ti alloys does not have the same effect of suppressing the environmental embrittlement. The different behavior of boron doping in Ni3A1 and Co3Ti may be attributed to its different segregation behavior on the grain boundaries. Boron in Co3Ti does not segregate on the grain boundaries and cannot effectively reduce the hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries. The moisture-induced envi ronmental embrittlement of Co3Ti alloy can be completely suppressed by the addition of Fe. As proved by Auger, this suppression effect is due to its obvious reduction of the surface kinetic reaction with water vapor.     

微量镓对磷在晶界偏聚的影响研究

本文采用系列冲击试验,显微断口形貌和显微组织形貌观察,结合俄歇谱断口成分分析,研究了微量镓对中碳钢内磷在晶界偏聚的影响及其对钢的冲击性能的影响。试验结果表明,微量镓(含量在万分之几以上时)能够一定程度地阻止磷在晶界偏聚,(改变马氏体的形态)延缓回火过程;使得中碳钢不出现低温回火脆性,且具有较低的冷脆转折温度。     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al2O3?(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocom-posites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

Effect of shot peening on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel

The effect of shot peening (SP) on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel was investigated by electrochemical hydrogen charging, slow strain rate tensile tests, and hydrogen permeation tests. Microstructure observation, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction residual stress studies were also conducted on the steel. The results show that the shot peening specimens exhibit a higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in comparison with the no shot peening (NSP) specimens under the same hydrogen-charging current density. In addition, SP treatment sharply decreases the apparent hydrogen diffusivity and increases the subsurface hydrogen concentration. These findings are attributed to the changes in microstructure and compressive residual stress in the surface layer by SP. Scanning electron microscope fractographs reveal that the fracture surface of the NSP specimen exhibits the intergranular and quasi-cleavage mixed fracture modes, whereas the SP specimen shows only the quasi-cleavage fractures under the same hydrogen charging conditions, implying that the SP treatment delays the onset of intergranular fracture.     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al_2O_3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al_2O_3-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and(W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound Mo Ni also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

担载Ni催化剂中Ni担载量及金属助剂对CH4与CO2重整反应活性的影响

考察了金属Ni担载量对Ni/Al2 O3、Ni/MgO/Al2 O3催化剂用于甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响 ,结果表明 :Ni担载量对反应活性的影响受反应温度的制约 .在低担载量时 ,催化活性随Ni担载量的增加而增加 ,到 3%时CH4及CO2 转化率分别达到 10 0 %和88% ;但对高担载量催化剂如 2 0 %Ni/MgO/Al2 O3,高温时 (>10 73K)因Ni的聚集等使反应器堵塞 ,导致活性骤降 .与Ni/Al2 O3相比 ,Ni/MgO/Al2 O3具有更好的稳定性 .助剂对催化活性及稳定性也有一定影响 .各助剂对CH4转化的影响次序为 :La >Mn >Co >Fe .助剂的加入有助于Ni催化剂稳定性的提高 .     

稀土对Ni9铸钢低温机械性能及断口形貌的影响

着重研究了稀土对Ｎｉ９铸钢常温、低温机械性能和宏观、微观断口形貌的影响；考察了添加稀土钢和未添加稀土钢晶界裂纹倾向程度的大小．分析、讨论了低温机械性能、晶界裂纹倾向、断口形貌、夹杂物含量之间的关系．结果表明：添加稀土后．Ｎｉ９铸钢的晶界裂纹倾向明显降低，钢的常温、低温拉伸性能显著提高，并降低了钢的沿晶断裂倾向，但钢的低温冲击韧性并未得到改善．这与钢中晶界裂纹的倾向和夹杂物的含量有关．