仲胺修饰聚硅氧烷调控的一锅法Cu(I)催化多组分点击反应（英文）

在仲胺修饰聚硅氧烷的调控下,Cu(I)可在温和的条件下催化炔、叠氮化钠以及有机溴化合物的点击反应,收率较高,反应底物有比较广的适用性,不同的底物可以中等到较高的收率得到对应产物.     

一锅法合成氨基噻唑类化合物

氨基噻唑类化合物具有较强的生理活性和药理活性,并且是良好的有机合成中间体。该研究直接利用苯环上含有不同取代基的苯基乙酮作为反应底物,二甲基亚砜作为绿色的氧化剂和苯基硫脲发生一锅法反应,以较高的收率得到了一系列氨基噻唑类化合物。为了优化反应条件,我们同时探索了在其他氧化剂和溶剂存在下对该反应进度的影响。     

DDQ促进的异色满苄基位C-O键的构建研究

研究了利用DDQ(二氯二氰基苯醌)促进下,异色满与NHPI(N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)C-O键构建反应,详细考察了不同溶剂、温度以及底物取代基对反应收率的影响.结果表明,当以DCM(二氯甲烷)为溶剂时室温条件下,反应的收率最好,可以达到70％的产率.     

水相中离子液体[ADPQ][BF_4]催化“一锅法”合成四氢苯并[b]吡喃

目的:制备1种以4-氨基奎宁为基础的离子液体,催化3组分一锅法制备四氢苯并吡喃的反应.方法:以水为溶剂,反应底物为芳香醛、活性亚甲基化合物和双甲酮.结果:最佳反应条件为:催化剂用量为芳香醛摩尔量的15%,反应温度为60℃,以水做溶剂.在此条件下,尝试的底物反应时间均在2 h内,收率为83%~96%.结论:该催化体系反应条件温和,时间短,收率高,反应后处理简单,催化剂重复使用4次催化效果变化不大.     

DDQ促进的异色满苄基位C—O键的构建研究

研究了利用DDQ(二氯二氰基苯醌)促进下,异色满与NHPI(N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)C—O键构建反应,详细考察了不同溶剂、温度以及底物取代基对反应收率的影响.结果表明,当以DCM(二氯甲烷)为溶剂时室温条件下,反应的收率最好,可以达到70%的产率.     

三氟甲磺酸催化氮杂环丙烷与腈的区域选择性[3+2]环加成反应

为找到一种绿色通用且高效的合成咪唑啉的方法,利用单因素筛选法,在质量分数为50%三氟甲磺酸作催化剂,二氯乙烷作溶剂的最佳反应条件下,采用多种N-对甲苯磺酰基氮杂环丙烷与各种腈来高效且快速发生[3+2]环加成反应来制备多种咪唑啉。该反应能顺利进行,得到收率较高的目标产物咪唑啉,且底物广普性很好。     

芳香醛直接合成芳香羧酸酯的新反应研究

针对传统酯化反应中固有的转化率不高、反应条件苛刻等科学问题,作者发展了一条新的合成芳香甲酸酯的合成方法。该方法以芳香醛和醇为底物,在过硫酸氢钾复盐存在下即可高产率的转化为芳香甲酸酯。研究结果表明该反应可以适用于含有吸电子、供电子等不同的芳香醛,也适用于甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等不同的醇,底物适用范围较宽,反应条件温和,反应收率较好。     

新型卡宾配体的合成及其在烯丙基烷基化催化反应中的应用

以L-苯丙氨醇为起始原料,经过氨基的氯乙酰基化、与苯并咪唑偶联和噁唑啉构筑等3步反应成功实现了中间体4的合成,总收率达到56.3%,并首次确定了中间体4的绝对构型.最后以乙腈为溶剂,用6种卤代芳烃在不同反应条件下较高产率地合成了5个具有单噁唑啉环和1个具有双噁唑啉环的新型目标配体(5a-5f),最高收率为87.7%,其中双噁唑啉环配体结构具有1个C2轴,此结构是当今此类配体研究的热点.同时,应用所设计的配体催化烯丙基烷基化反应,在最优配体和最优条件下,以1,3-二苯基-2-烯丙基乙酸酯作为底物的反应,配体5a使得反应收到了较好的催化效果,最优收率为73.5%.     

1,2,3-三唑化合物合成方法学研究

本文以炔醇为起始原料,在室温条件下,通过酸催化的[3+2]叠氮-炔烃环加成反应设计制备了7种含不同取代基的1,2,3-三唑化合物.在关键的合环反应过程中,实验讨论了不同酸的种类、底物物料配比、反应温度等条件对收率的影响.实验结果发现质子酸TsOH·H2O能够在室温条件下促进该反应顺利进行,最高收率为98%.实验表明底物生成的炔丙基阳离子碳正离子越稳定,该[3+2]环化加成反应越容易进行.此合成方法为三唑类化合物的设计合成提供了新的思路.     

α-取代的3-氨基丙烯酸酯的合成

研究了3－氨基丙烯酸酯碳酰化制备α－取代的β－氨基酸脱氢衍生物的反应条件．实验以溶剂、碱、反应温度、反应时间和比例（底物／L,酰氯／吡啶）为反应参数对该反应的条件进行优化，发现当底物、乙酰氯、吡啶三者的比例为1：2：2至1：4：4，以环己烷作溶剂，以吡啶作碱，反应温度控制为0℃时，3－氨基丙烯酸酯的碳酰化反应得到较好的收率．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-