CdTe量子点与牛血红蛋白相互作用的研究

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂在水相中合成了尺寸均匀的CdTe量子点(QDs).考查了磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲体系中量子点与牛血红蛋白(Bovine Hemoglobin,BHb)之间的作用规律.结果表明,巯基乙酸修饰的CdTe量子点与BHb有较强的作用.BHb能使修饰后的CdTe量子点发生荧光淬灭现象,并且BHb的浓度以及酸度对荧光淬灭均有影响,并探讨了导致荧光淬灭的原因以及量子点与血红蛋白相互作用的机理.     

以巯基羧酸为混合稳定剂制备CdTe量子点

选用巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸,以及两者一定比例的混合物作为稳定剂,分别在水相中合成表面带负电荷的水溶性CdTe量子点,并对其性能进行比较.研究结果表明,以巯基乙酸和巯基丙酸混合物(摩尔比为1∶4)作稳定剂合成的CdTe量子点,比单独采用巯基乙酸或巯基丙酸作稳定剂制备的CdTe量子点具有粒径可控、尺寸均一,更易获得长波长的量子点,而且有相对较窄的荧光半峰宽和较高的荧光量子产率.     

水相中合成CdTe半导体量子点

用不同修饰剂在水相中合成了CdTe半导体量子点(Quantum Dots,QDs).通过紫外吸收光谱(UV-VIS)、荧光发射光谱(PL)、Zeta电位等方法对制备的样品进行了表征.实验结果表明:选用同一修饰剂,紫外吸收和荧光发射峰随反应时间的延长有明显红移,即粒径在不断长大;选用不同的修饰剂,反应相同的时间,可以得到不同粒径的量子点;合成CdTe量子点的发射谱的平均半峰宽约为50 nm,单分散性很好;以巯基乙酸为修饰剂,反应时间为240 min时,是水相合成CdTe量子点的最佳条件;量子点水溶液的Zeta电位受修饰剂和pH值的影响;水溶性的、带有官能团的量子点适合于进一步的生物应用.     

CdTe量子点荧光量子产率及生物标记

采用巯基乙酸为稳定剂,在水相中直接合成CdTe量子点,实现半导体纳米晶体的水溶性.利用巯基乙酸包覆的CdTe量子点外端的羧基与牛血清白蛋白的氨基,通过偶联剂的作用形成酰胺键,从而达到标记蛋白质的作用.利用荧光和紫外可见分光光度计,研究标记前后体系的发射光谱和吸收光谱的变化以及荧光量子产率,通过透析膜对标记后的牛血清白蛋白进行纯化,进一步用琼脂糖电泳证明牛血清白蛋白与CdTe量子点的结合.     

水溶性CdTe量子点在金属离子检测中的尺寸效应

以巯基乙酸作为修饰剂,控制原料比例、pH值、反应时间,合成了不同粒径的荧光CdTe量子点,通过对各个金属离子的响应测试发现:小粒径量子点均对汞离子表现出淬灭的现象,其他金属离子则无明显响应;而大粒径量子点则对银离子表现出明显的淬灭现象,其他金属离子则无明显响应,两种粒径的量子点对Hg~(2+)和Ag~(+)的检测限分别为8.7 nmol/L和9.9 nmol/L。Hg~(2+)与大小粒径量子点作用的不同现象可能是由于小粒径量子点具有较大淬灭半径所引起,而Ag~(+)与大小粒径量子点作用的不同现象可能是由于大粒径量子点与银离子作用后发生了电子转移过程。证明量子点对金属离子的响应不仅与量子点的修饰剂有关,还与其粒径大小有关。利用这种方法,实现了对Hg~(2+)和Ag~(+)良好的灵敏性和选择性检测。     

荧光性CdTe量子点自组装膜的合成及对Cu~(2+)的界面传感

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,直接在水相中合成CdTe量子点,同时以石英片为基底,制备荧光性CdTe量子点自组装膜(SAMs),并建立一种新的传感分析方法.通过合成条件的优化,得到荧光峰形对称、半峰宽窄、强度高的CdTe量子点;巯基乙酸(TGA)稳定的CdTe量子点回流2～4 h,可得到最好的荧光性能;由光漂白实验得出,TGA稳定的CdTe量子点的稳定性很好.实验结果表明,Quartz/APES/CdTe量子点自组装膜的荧光强度随着Cu2+浓度增大而增强,且在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数为0.999 97,检测限为1.33 nmol·L-1,可实现对痕量Cu2+的定量测定.     

牛血清白蛋白修饰水溶性CdTe量子点及分析应用

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,采用水热法合成了CdTe 量子点,用牛血清白蛋白改变量子点的表面修饰状态并通过荧光发射光谱研究了溶液pH、温度和离子强度对表面修饰产生的影响.结果表明,CdTe量子点在502 nm处有吸收,在538 nm处有荧光发射,经牛血清白蛋白对其表面修饰后,吸收峰位不变,但吸光强度升高;荧光发射峰位不变,荧光显著增强.在优化的反应条件下,牛血清白蛋白质量浓度在0.05~1.0 mg/L范围内与荧光增加值呈线性关系,检出限为0.011 7 mg/L。以缓冲溶液为基底牛血清白蛋白含量测定获得满意结果.     

巯基乙酸修饰的CdTe量子点对聚合酶链反应特异性的影响

合成了巯基乙酸(TGA)修饰的量子点,X衍射分析证实CdTe相的存在,高分辨电子显微镜分析表明量子点的直径为3 nm,Zeta电位表征表明量子点表面带有负电荷.把TGA修饰的CdTe量子点加入到聚合酶链反应(PCR)反应液中,使用brcaal基因载体作为PCR反应的模板,进行两轮PCR反应.最终的PCR产物通过ω=1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分析,结果表明,在0～1.33 g/L范围内,随着量子点的量逐渐增加,非特异性的扩增条带逐渐消失,荧光(PL)光谱表明PCR反应后的量子点荧光强度降低.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)证实PCR反应前后Cd元素和Te元素的能谱峰并没有出现化学位移,吸收光谱(UV-vis)表明了PCR反应之后的吸收强度增强.因此,TGA修饰的CdTe量子点置于PCR反应液之中,能提高PCR的特异性,可以应用于超灵敏DNA检测、光电生物传感器.     

CdTe/CdS量子点荧光探针测定痕量汞(Ⅱ)

在水溶液中合成巯基乙酸修饰的CdTe/CdS量子点(QDs),再基于Hg2+与CdTe/CdS量子点的荧光猝灭作用,建立用CdTe/CdS量子点作为荧光探针检测微量汞的新方法,并用该方法测定水中汞的含量。研究表明,pH值为6.24的磷酸缓冲溶液中,量子点浓度为3.75×10-4mol/L时,Hg2+离子浓度在2.3～150μg/L范围与CdTe/CdS量子点荧光猝灭强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9985,检出限为0.87μg/L,回收率为99.0%～107.5%。该方法检测效果好,可用于实际样品分析。     

水合肼还原亚碲酸钠一步合成波长可调的CdTe量子点

以氯化镉和亚碲酸钠为原料、水合肼为还原剂,采用水相合成法制备巯基乙酸(TGA)稳定CdTe量子点(QDS).研究反应时间、碲和镉的物质的量及巯基乙酸和镉的物质的量之比等实验条件对CdTe量子点发光性能的影响;并用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱等分析技术对其进行表征.研究结果表明:合成的量子点为立方晶型,颗粒粒度分布均匀;反应时间及反应物的相对用量对量子点的发光性能有明显影响;随着反应时间的延长,量子点的吸收与荧光光谱都向长波方向移动,在8h内可获得发绿色到红色荧光的量子点;量子点的发光强度随反应时间的延长而减弱,最高荧光量子产率为27％.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.