基于光谱与纹理信息的Worldview-2影像地物分类

高分辨率遥感影像分类是遥感影像处理领域中的一个重要的研究方向.选取Worldview-2影像,分别以光谱信息和光谱结合纹理信息为分类数据,采用最大似然法(MLC)和支持向量机法(SVM)进行监督分类,用混淆矩阵对分类结果进行评价.结果表明,9×9为最佳纹理窗口;SVM法分类精度明显优于MLC法;基于光谱结合纹理信息的分类精度明显优于单纯基于光谱信息的分类结果.辅以影像纹理特征,采用SVM法可以较为有效提取Worldview-2地物信息.     

基于分形纹理特征的新疆罗布麻遥感分类

传统遥感影像仅利用光谱信息制约了分类精度,对基于分形提取纹理特征在罗布麻分类中的有效性进行了研究。采用分形中的双毯覆盖模型和传统的灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)方法分别提取了Worldview-2影像的纹理特征,结合光谱信息对影像进行最大似然法分类。比较了双毯覆盖模型中不同大小窗口下提取纹理特征的分类结果。结果显示:加入纹理特征后,较多光谱分类总体分类精度提高了1.21%-8.63%,结合分形纹理较GLCM总体分类精度提高了大约两倍;仅分析罗布麻的精度,引入分形的分类精度提高到99.96%,引入GLCM精度却降低了0.09%-0.12%;使用5×5滑动窗口提取纹理特征的分类效果最好。表明基于分形提取纹理特征的遥感分类能有效提高精度,对于Worldview-2影像罗布麻的识别是可行的。     

融合多尺度纹理特征森林资源信息提取

基于SPOT-5多光谱和全色影像进行图像融合,构造NDVI植被指数,提取多尺度纹理特征并参与分类;基于SVM方法进行森林资源植被分类.结果表明:高通滤波(HPF)为最佳的图像融合方法,与单尺度纹理与光谱信息融合的分类相比,多尺度纹理与光谱信息融合的分类方法总精度提高了3%,验证了新方法的可行性.     

基于SVM的遥感影像监督分类方法研究 ——以天水市三阳川地区为例

遥感影像分类技术是研究土地利用、规划与地理空间信息分析的重要技术手段,遥感影像分类的模型算法在各类遥感图像分类应用中起着重要作用.文章通过实地踏勘数据与图像纹理与光谱信息对比分析选择训练样本,对SVM支持向量机等6种分类方法进行结果分析与分类精度评定并得出结论.通过分类实验数据对比分析,得出基于SVM分类方法的精度高于...     

基于多尺度LBP和复合核的高光谱图像分类方法

为了更好地利用高光谱图像的纹理特征信息,提出了一个基于多尺度LBP和复合核的高光谱图像分类方法.利用LBP的两个最佳尺度来提取高光谱图像的纹理特征,将得到的空间纹理信息输入高斯核函数中,得到两个空间核,与直接提取光谱信息得到的光谱核结合在一起组成一个复合核,将这个复合核输入支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行分类得到分类结果.结果表明,在Indian Pines和Pavia University这两个真实的数据集上分类精度分别达到0.994 8和0.991 8,明显优于其他同类杰出的高光谱图像分类方法.     

基于遥感和GIS的土地利用分类方法研究

本文基于遥感卫星数据,在遥感软件ENVI 5.1和地理信息系统软件Arc GIS 10.0的支持下,通过最大似然法(MLC)、支持向量机(SVM)、人工神经网络(ANN)三种方法,对研究区土地利用/覆盖(LUCC)分类进行信息提取,并对不同分类方法的结果进行比较分析和精度检验.研究表明:使用支持向量机进行遥感图像分类,精度优于最大似然法和人工神经网络,且学习速度也较快,可更好地区分土地利用类型,提高土地利用信息的精度,适用于不同地貌单元,能够作为小尺度范围内遥感影像LUCC分类研究的有效工具.     

鄱阳湖滨湖区多季相Landsat 8 OLI数据遴选及其土地利用/覆被遥感分类提取

鄱阳湖滨湖地区是中国南方内陆浅水型湖泊滨岸带与红壤丘陵交错的典型区域。研究以江西省上饶市鄱阳县为例,在ENVI遥感平台的支持下,利用2014年多季相Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像数据资料,通过实地土地利用/覆被调查与地物光谱分离度分析进行遥感数据遴选,对优选数据采用马氏距离(MD)法、最大似然(ML)分类器、人工神经网络(ANN)分类器、支持向量机(SVM)分类器、光谱信息散度(SID)分类器、波谱角分类器(SAM)等8种监督分类方法进行监督分类。在先验知识和野外调查数据的基础上,对分类结果进行分析;然后通过总体分类精度、混淆矩阵和Kappa系数对几种分类器的精度进行评价和比较。并针对鄱阳湖滨湖地区土地利用/覆盖分类问题探究几种遥感分类方法的优劣,挑选最适用遥感分类方法。结果表明:在鄱阳湖滨湖地区,各季节影像中地表光谱可分性在8月达到最佳值,期间所获取是优选数据,有利于遥感分类识别;人工神经网络法、支持向量机法(SVM)具有较好的的分类效果和分类精度,总体分类精度96%,Kappa系数0.94。总体上讲,SVM分类器的分类精度和Kappa系数都要优于其他分类器,相比之下7-10月获取的影像更适合于鄱阳湖滨湖地区土地利用/覆被的遥感识别和提取。通过遥感数据最优遴选,并结合优选遥感分类器,可以显著提高鄱阳湖滨湖区土地利用/覆盖信息提取效率和遥感高精度分类的总体精度,有助于提升该地区大范围土地利用/覆盖遥感宏观监测的可靠性和精准度。     

基于易康软件的QuickBird遥感影像林分类型识别——以福建省将乐林场为例

【目的】研究基于面向对象方法的林分类型识别,解决森林资源监测的核心问题。【方法】以福建省将乐林场为研究样本,采用基于QuickBird遥感影像的蓝、绿、红、近红外4个多光谱波段为面向对象分类的试验数据,借助eCognition Developer 8.7(易康)软件,设置10种分割尺度(25～250,步长为25),应用带有线性核函数支持向量机分类器(support vector machine,SVM),分别对每种分割尺度下的3组特征(单独光谱、光谱+纹理、光谱+纹理+空间)进行面向对象林分类型分类。【结果】以尺度参数150对QuickBird遥感影像进行分割质量最高(ED3_Modified=0.37)。10种尺度上,在光谱特征中加入纹理特征能够明显提高分类精度,但引入空间特征分类精度几乎无变化。基于光谱+纹理特征在分割尺度150时获得了最高分类精度(总精度达到85%,Kappa系数为0.86)。【结论】分割尺度对面向对象林分类型识别精度有着重要影响。在所有尺度(25～250)下,光谱、纹理特征分类精度均高于单独使用光谱特征分类总精度,空间特征在林分类型分类中并没有起到作用。匹配良好的分割和参考对象时能够得到更高精度的分类结果,同时,轻微的过度分割或分割不足不会明显影响分类结果。基于易康软件的面向对象方法对QuickBird多波段遥感数据进行林分类型分类能够获得比较满意的结果。     

基于人工神经网络法的遥感影像分类研究

在遥感和GIS的支持下,采用人工神经网络(ANN)法对研究区土地利用/覆盖进行信息提取,并对ANN改进前后的分类结果和最大似然法(MLC)的分类结果进行对比分析.实验发现采用改进后的ANN分类总体精度达到了93.91%,较改进前提高了2.16%,较MLC提高了6.44%.研究表明:使用ANN进行遥感图像分类,精度优于MLC,改进后的ANN精度优于改进前的ANN.与传统方法相比,ANN分类达到的精度更高,可更好地区分土地利用地类,提高土地利用信息的精度.     

基于多特征的高光谱遥感土地利用信息提取

【目的】为了降低高光谱遥感数据噪声,提高土地利用分类信息提取精度,探索结合纹理和空间信息的分类方法。【方法】以河南镇平县Hyperion高光谱成像光谱仪获取的高光谱影像为数据源,借鉴决策树分类思想,采用了一种结合光谱、纹理和空间信息的高光谱遥感多特征地类提取方法,先通过提取光谱特征初步提取地类,再分别采用提取纹理特征和基于空间信息的植被提取进行详细地类信息的分层提取,最后,用地面实测样点验证各类土地利用类型的分类精度,比较了用不同方法对不同地类的提取效果。【结果】基于多特征的地类分层提取体系中,采用各波段光谱反射率区分大的地类,再用纹理特征进行光谱差异较小的地类划分,而基于空间信息进行植被的分类。通过结合纹理和空间信息提取方法的总分类精度达86.7%,较最大似然法分类精度提高13.3%。【结论】高光谱与纹理和空间信息相结合的遥感分类方法能有效减小噪声,提高分类精度,可为土地利用分类提取研究提供一定的参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.