磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭工艺

以林业废弃物杨木屑为原料,采用正交试验法探讨以磷酸为主活化剂,浓硫酸为辅助活化剂,在不同工艺条件下制备活性炭,测定其亚甲基蓝脱色力和碘的吸附值,考虑活化因素对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响,确定最佳工艺参数.试验结果表明:磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭的最佳工艺条件为浸渍比1∶2.5,浸渍浓度60%,活化时间90 min,活化温度550℃.     

物理活化法制备椰壳活性炭研究

以椰壳炭化料为原料采用水蒸气活化法在不同操作条件下制备得到各种椰壳活性炭.分别研究了水蒸气活化实验中活化时间和活化温度对活性炭的得率、活性炭碘值和苯酚吸附值的影响关系.实验结果表明,活化温度是水蒸气活化法制备椰壳活性炭的最重要的影响因素.在实验范围内,水蒸气活化法制备椰壳活性炭时,宜将活化温度选择在850℃左右,活化时间为120min.     

响应面法优化制备巨菌草基高比表面积活性炭

以巨菌草作为原料,化学活化法制备高比表面积活性炭,在单因素考察基础上,采用响应面分析法对活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比等影响因素进行了条件优化.通过模型分析确定了最佳制备工艺条件为活化温度920℃、活化时间50 min、碱炭比4∶1,该条件下制备的巨菌草基活性炭实际碘吸附值与预测值相近,证明响应面法模型优化分析结果可靠.通过BET、IR和SEM等进行表征,表明所制备的巨菌草基活性炭表面官能团种类丰富,孔隙结构发达,达到了超级活性炭的标准,为巨菌草基活性炭的开发应用提供了制备工艺参数及材料性能参考.     

以石油渣油制备活性炭的研究

以石油渣油为原料采用化学活化法制备活性炭,以亚甲基蓝吸附值为评价活性炭吸附能力指标.首先选择了具有好的活化性能的磷酸为活化剂,进行了最佳制备工艺研究,结果为活化温度550℃、质量比1∶1、活化时间1.5h,最后利用正交实验分析了各因素显著性水平,即活化温度最强、质量比其次、活化时间最弱.     

利用桐籽壳制备活性炭的工艺研究

对以桐籽壳为原料、用氯化锌法制备活性炭的工艺进行了研究,采用正交试验优化了工艺参数.最佳工艺参数为：料液比质量比1∶2.0、氯化锌质量分数为50%、活化时间60 min、活化温度为60 ℃.在此工艺条件下所制备的活性炭,其碘吸附值为986.35 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为178.23 mg/g,表观密度为0.423 6 g/mL.     

微波法污泥活性炭的制备技术研究*

以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,研究了氢氧化钾活化-微波加热制备污泥活性炭的工艺条件,考查了固液比、活化剂浓度、浸渍时间和活化时间等因素对活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验,得到试验室条件下微波法制备污泥活性炭的最佳工艺条件,即：固液比1g:1.5mL,氢氧化钾浓度0.40mol.L-1,浸渍时间24h,活化时间420s。此工艺条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘吸附值为537.63 mg.g-1,产率为74.09％。     

不同活化方式制备碳电极材料的电化学性能

以碳化后的中间相沥青为原料,分别采用化学活化和物理-化学联合活化工艺制备了超级电容器用活性炭电极材料,对不同活化方式制备的活性炭电极材料的微晶结构、孔径分布、比电容量、循环伏安和交流阻抗特性进行了比较.实验结果表明:采用物理-化学联合活化工艺制备的活性炭电极材料具有更理想的微晶结构和中孔含量.活性炭电极材料的结构与孔隙分布对电性能有明显影响,采用联合活化方式制备的电极材料具有较高的面积比容量、较好的功率特性及较理想的电容特性.     

生物质活性炭对模拟烟气汞吸附特性的实验研究

采用氯化锌作为活化剂制备生物质活性炭,在不同的氯化锌质量分数、活化时间、活化温度条件下,对不同的生物质原料进行活化、碳化,以制备所得活性炭对亚甲基蓝的脱色量为指标,进行正交设计优化.利用吸附性能较好的生物质活性炭,对其进行汞吸附实验.结果表明,生物质活性炭制备的优化工艺条件为:氯化锌质量分数50%,活化时间1.5h,活化温度600℃.在此条件下,毛豆杆活性炭对亚甲基蓝的脱色量为0.15mg/g,对汞4h的吸附量为0.015mg,穿透率为5.30%.由此得出,受原料、活化剂质量分数、活化时间和活化温度等影响,各种活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附效率都不同,毛豆杆活性炭对模拟烟气中汞的吸附效果最好,这与其微孔极发达有关.     

一次性筷子制备活性炭的研究

对废弃一次性筷子的综合利用进行了探索性的实验研究,以一次性筷子为原料制备活性炭,采用条件实验比较氯化锌法和磷酸法对一次性筷子活化效果的影响。结果表明,磷酸法制备出的活性炭性能优于另外一种方法。以磷酸为活化剂,研究了浸渍比、活化温度、活化剂浓度、活化时间对活性炭的得率和碘吸附值的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件:活化剂浓度50%,活化温度500℃,浸渍比3:1,活化时间60min,浸渍时间12h下,所制得活性炭的碘吸附值为863.10mg/g。     

水蒸气活化制备生物质活性炭的实验研究

以稻壳、花生壳和玉米芯为原料,采用物理活化法以水蒸气为活化剂制备得到活性炭.分析了水蒸气活化机理,并通过对活性炭得率高低、亚甲基蓝脱色效果强弱的比较,讨论了活化时间(t)、活化温度(T)和水蒸气流量(QH2O)对活性炭的炭活化得率(Cyield)和吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着t的延长和T的升高,3种原料制得的Cyield不断降低,活性炭的吸附性能先升高后降低;随着QH2O的增加,Cyield先降低后升高,活性炭的吸附性能先升高后降低.通过比较,得出玉米芯是3种原料中最佳的制备活性炭的物质,其最佳工艺条件为T=800 ℃,t=90 min 和QH2O=15 mL/h,所制备的活性炭得率为26.18%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为150 mL/g,比表面积为924.48 m2/g,孔平均尺寸为2.4 nm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-