托赖山“七一”冰川流域冰碛石和冰水砾石的沉积组构分析

表文以“七1”冰川流域冰碛石和冰水砾石的组构测量为依据,对沉积物的组构特征及其与沉积环境的关系作了比较全面地讨论,冰碛石粒度频率曲线呈多峰式,粒度分选作用极差,σ_1>2,SK_1>0或<0,Kg<0.72,大多数冰碛石的长轴平行于冰流方向,冰水砾石呈双峰式,分选作用中等,δ_1=1.4-2, SK_1>0, Kg=0.92-1.14,大多数a轴平行于河流流向;C轴指向下游;ab面逆流倾斜,平均倾角30°左右,作者指出,冰碛石和冰水砾石的组构特征,对于研究沉积环境和鉴定古冰川、冰水沉积的成因类型有着重要的意义。     

喜马拉雅山亚东?康马段现代冰川平衡线高度、分布特征及影响因素

利用《中国第二次冰川编目》的数据和卫星图, 结合野外地貌观测, 探讨喜马拉雅山亚东?康马段的冰川平衡线高度(ELA)、分布特征及影响因素。结果表明, 研究区现代冰川平均ELA 为5717 m, 库拉岗日地区稍高, 为5840~5957 m, 白马林岗日地区较低, 为5333~5373 m, 反映气候与地形大势对冰川ELA的控制。此外, 山脉的走向、坡向、冰川地形坡度以及冰川表面冰碛覆盖、雪崩等对冰川ELA有不同程度的影响。     

崂山古冰川遗迹的地质证据

崂山是中国海岸线上的最高峰。研究发现,崂山发育有典型的古冰川侵蚀和堆积地貌,拥有我国东部罕见的冰碛海岸和冰碛扇等地貌类型。更新世期间,崂山至少发育过4次古冰川作用。更新世早期,崂山东部的雪线为60~90 m(现代海拔),崂山及其周围共发育60余条古冰舌,东部的冰舌一直伸入黄海之中。孢粉组合特征说明,崂山在冰期具备形成冰川的气候条件;堆积物粒度曲线显示为冰川成因的沉积特征。研究还发现,中国东部的古冰川遗迹可能大部分被埋藏起来;区域地形特征和当地气候条件是决定雪线高度的关键因素。     

崂山古冰川遗迹的地质证据

崂山是中国海岸线上的最高峰。研究发现，崂山发育有典型的古冰川侵蚀和堆积地貌，拥有我国东部罕见的冰碛海岸和冰碛扇等地貌类型。更新世期间，崂山至少发育过4次古冰川作用。更新世早期，崂山东部的雪线为60-90m（现代海拔），崂山及其周围共发育60余条古冰舌，东部的冰舌一直伸入黄海之中。孢粉组合特征说明，崂山在冰期具备形成冰川的气候条件；堆积物粒度曲线显示为冰川成因的沉积特征。研究还发现，中国东部的古冰川遗迹可能大部分被埋藏起来；区域地形特征和当地气候条件是决定雪线高度的关键因素。     

天山冰川与塔克拉玛干风沙沉积的颗粒特征和分异过程分析

通过对比天山阿拉沟冰碛及冰水扇和塔中沙丘砂的颗粒特征, 探讨其搬运与堆积分异过程。研究表明: 冰川沉积粉砂颗粒占相对优势, 砂颗粒次之, 黏土颗粒最少, 且石英砂表面出现较多的多棱角、棱脊磨损、大贝壳断口、撞击深坑等反映冰川底部强烈挤压研磨动力的特征。冰水沉积颗粒特征与冰川沉积相似, 粉砂仍是优势组分, 石英砂表面显微特征显示轻微的流水改造。风沙沉积中砂颗粒占绝对优势, 石英砂表面出现较多次圆?圆边缘、碟形坑、不规则小麻坑等风力作用特征, 且有少量大贝壳状断口、裂纹、棱脊磨损等冰川作用痕迹, 以及V形坑等流水作用痕迹。推测冰碛物为塔克拉玛干沙漠重要物源之一, 冰碛物中的粉砂为塔里木盆地边缘黄土的主要提供者。     

东南极格罗夫山地区新生代冰碛岩(物)的沉积环境及其意义

报道了在东南极内陆格罗夫山地区蓝冰表面碎石带中发现的具有混杂堆积特征的新生代沉积岩(物)漂砾,并认为它们可能是这一地区上新世冰川活动的产物.通过对这批沉积岩(物)的宏观沉积特征、岩石矿物的地球化学特征、粒度特征以及沉积岩中石英颗粒的表面形貌特征等的详细研究,认为这些冰碛岩(物)的沉积物颗粒具有多种来源和多种搬运方式,其形成过程中存在水、冰及密度流等多种介质的共同作用,是一种由冰川底部带、冰川内部及冰上带所搬运的沉积物的混杂堆积,其沉积环境为冰川前缘地带.最后,通过与南极其他地区上新世冰川沉积的对比,探讨了这批冰碛岩(物)在反映南极冰川演化历史方面的地质意义.     

疏勒南山岗纳楼5号冰川现代冰碛物的沉积组构特征

本文通过对疏勒南山岗纳楼冰碛物的沉积组构分析,提出了现代冰碛物的主要组构特征。水碛物成分组合简单,粒度分选作用极差。分选系数在5.14以上,平均园度约为20%。大多数冰碛石的长轴平行于其沉积时期冰川流动的方向。a轴指向N75°-89°W——S75°-89°E倾角0°-25°。沉积组构分析的方法是说明冰川沉积作用、冰成沉积物形成机理的一种有用的工具。此外,现代冰碛物的组构特征,对于研究古冰碛和冰碛岩也有着重要的意义。     

天山和阿尔泰山冰碛物显微结构特征

采用薄片法对新疆阿尔泰山哈纳斯河流域和天山乌鲁木齐河源区冰上融出碛、冰下融出碛和滞碛的显微结构特征进行了分析。冰上融出碛的显微结构的主要特征是:次棱角状和破裂状表面特征、点支撑和边支撑结构、异向组构、不规则大孔隙;冰下融出碛显微结构的主要特征是:次棱角状和次圆状以及碎裂表面特征、点支撑和边支撑以及镶嵌和悬浮结构、微旋转和微叶理以及粉沙团块构造、定向组构、规则的圆孔隙和扁孔隙;滞碛显微结构的主要特征是:次棱角状和次圆状以及碎裂状表面特征、悬浮结构和镶嵌结构、微旋转和微叶理以及粉沙团块构造、定向组构、规则圆孔隙。不同冰碛显微特征的成因与冰川冰和冰碛产生的静压力、冰川的运动和冰碛介质以及由此引起的冰下磨蚀、压碎、剪切等过程有关。     

琼西北地区冰川地貌陆地卫星(TM)图像解译

北门江流域更新世沉积广布、厚度巨大.在对区内的建筑砂矿进行成矿背景条件研究时利用了陆地卫星TM图像与区内的地质地球物理资料进行综合解译,发现了区内的冰蚀台面、冰洼、冰斗、冰川槽谷和冰碛堤、冰碛裙、冰水扇等冰川作用遗迹.通过对冰蚀、冰碛地貌的研究,发现它们之间是一系列有规律的组合,有其密切的成生联系,是更新世多次冰川作用的结果.     

豫西汝州罗圈组杂砾岩的成因浅析

罗圈组为一套以杂砾岩为主的沉积建造广泛分布于华北地块南缘。本文对河南汝州罗圈组的杂砾岩沉积特征及其成因进行初步的探讨。在该套地层中见有大块的冰川漂砾及砾石表面的刻蚀痕迹等现象,推断该套地层形成的沉积环境与冰川作用相关。另外,层状杂砾岩及含砾纹泥岩中的砾石多为次棱角—棱角状,且对围岩的上、下层理具有明显的扰动,形成了具有"上凸下绕"形态的沉积构造,即坠石构造;在显微镜下砂级碎屑颗粒也见有此类坠石构造。砾石及砂级颗粒对其围岩层理的影响表明其为坠石构造,从而可指示罗圈组沉积期间具有冰筏沉积作用的存在。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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