海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化漆酶的研究

采用海藻酸钠包埋法和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋-交联法固定化漆酶,探讨了固定化条件、固定化漆酶及游离酶的酶学性质,结果表明：包埋法和包埋-交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件分别为海藻酸钠浓度3％、CaCl2浓度1．5％和海藻酸钠浓度2％、CaCl2浓度2％、壳聚糖浓度1．5％、戊二醛浓度1％．两种固定化漆酶的最适pH和最适温度相同,分别为5．0和30℃,游离酶pH为4．6,温度20℃．包埋法固定化漆酶、包埋一交联法固定化漆酶和游离酶的米氏常数分别为3．3,2．8,1．22mmol／L．     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌制备方法的研究

选用海藻酸钠(CA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合物作为包埋载体,对经富集培养的以反硝化聚磷菌为主的活性污泥固定化制备方法进行了研究.利用正交实验考察了包埋菌体量、海藻酸钠质量分数、沸石添加量和交联时间对固定化菌除磷效果的影响,着重研究了包埋菌体量和沸石添加量这2个显著性影响因素对固定化小球性能的影响.研究表明,制备固定化反硝化聚磷菌的最佳包埋条件是:PVA质量分数为8%,CA质量分数为3%,包埋菌质量体积浓度为25g/L,沸石质量体积浓度为20 g/L,固定化小球交联时间为18 h.     

蔗糖异构酶PalI包埋和交联固定化方法比较

采用海藻酸钠包埋法和戊二醛交联法两种固定化方法,对来源于Klebsiella sp. LX3的蔗糖异构酶PalI的稳定性和可重复利用性进行研究。结果发现,海藻酸钠包埋法在海藻酸钠、CaCl2 质量分数为1.5%、2%时,所得固定化酶的酶活最高,其最适反应温度为40℃,最适pH值为6;戊二醛交联法在(NH₄)₂SO₄质量分数为90%,戊二醛体积分数为2.5%时得到的固定酶酶活最高,交联酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为5。通过对酶的稳定性比较,两种方法酶稳定性都优于游离酶。4℃保存20d后游离酶的酶活降低到30%,而戊二醛交联酶活性在95%以上,海藻酸钠固定化酶残余酶活仍在60%左右。戊二醛交联法固定酶活性优于海藻酸钠固定化酶,重复利用12次戊二醛交联酶,其残余酶活仍为80%。     

农药杀虫单降解菌的固定化研究

对杀虫单高效降解菌进行固定化试验，采用海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇混合进行包埋，设计正交试验，考察固定化菌体对土壤中杀虫单的降解能力，并与游离菌进行相对降解活性的对比．得到最佳的固定化条件为：聚乙烯质量分数为10％，海藻酸钠质量分数为1．5％，氯化钙质量分数为1．5％，菌质量分数为2％．     

影响硫酸盐还原菌固定化小球还原性能的研究

研究硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)固定化小球还原性能的影响因素.采用海藻酸钙包埋法来固定硫酸盐还原菌株,分析不同因素对固定化SRB小球还原硫酸盐效率的影响.实验结果表明,SRB固定化最佳时间是菌株增殖64h;最佳包埋条件为:海藻酸钠4%、菌液浓度30%、CaCl2 溶液浓度4%;小球在氯化钙溶液中的最佳凝胶化时间为4 h;小球的最佳颗粒粒径为1 mm;最佳环境因素是:温度35℃、pH 6.5～7.0、球液配比量1∶10.不同因素下固定化SRB小球对硫酸盐的还原效率最高可达98.76%.     

花生根瘤菌共生吸氢和固氮的某些特性

用花生根瘤菌某些Hup~+和Hup~-菌株作回接,有接种的植株其根瘤数比对照多。所试菌株在共生条件下表现吸氢和乙炔还原活性。离体根瘤 72 h内其吸氧活性表现起初较低,随后逐渐升高,而后又逐渐下降;但乙炔还原活性则随时间的延长逐渐下降。根瘤吸氢依赖于氧并受CO的抑制。10％外源分子氢可提高乙炔还原活性20～60％。不同生长期的吸氢和乙炔还原活性以盛花期为最高。     

产酸克雷伯氏菌氢酶分离提纯与特性的初步研究

采用硫酸铵沉淀和柱层析 (DEAE-Sepharose F.F., Sephacryl S-200, TSK-DEAE)初步分离纯化了产酸克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)HP1可溶性氢酶,研究了温度、pH值、电子载体等对氢酶催化放氢活性的影响.研究表明,可溶性氢酶催化放氢的最适温度为30℃,催化放氢的最适pH值为7.5,甲基紫晶(MV)是氢酶催化放氢的最适人工电子载体,氧对氢酶催化活性有较大的抑制作用.     

固定化对柴油生物脱硫菌UP-1性能的影响

为获得稳定高效生物脱硫催化剂,采用海藻酸钠(SA)包埋法制备生物脱硫菌UP-1的固定化细胞,使用环镜扫描电镜(ESEM)对固定化细胞进行分析和表征.结果表明:固定化细胞可以重复使用5次以上,而未固定化细胞只能有效重复使用2～3次;固定化小球内部的网状结构、表面的致密表层和固定化细胞初始阶段存在覆盖物,说明SA是固定UP-1的合适载体,反应底物和产物在固定化载体中的传质阻力增加和包埋材料对UP-1的初始覆盖导致了固定化UP-1脱硫活性的降低;最佳条件下得到的固定化细胞菌体在载体内部均匀饱和分布,这从微观结构上证明固定化可以提高生物催化剂总脱硫能力和稳定性.     

固定化黄曲霉生产L—苹果酸的研究

报道采用海藻酸钠包埋法,以制备固定化黄曲霉生产Ｌ－苹果酸,确定最佳固定化条件和最适固定化细胞发酵条件,这些条件分别为海藻酸钠浓度２５ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,ＣａＣｌ２浓度２０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,１０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１聚乙烯多胺和１０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１戊二醛交联,菌体浓度９０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,葡萄糖浓度８０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１,起始ｐＨ值为６．０－７．０,培养温度３２℃,固定化细胞质量／培养基体积比例为１５／５０。     

卡拉胶固定化Nocardia sp.生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌菌体用于生产酒石酸。固定化的最适卡拉胶浓度为20 g/L,菌体浓度为200 g/L,交联剂戊二醛浓度为5 g/L,固定化后的酶活回收率可以达到70%。高浓度的环氧琥珀酸对水解反应产生抑制作用,游离细胞的米氏常数(Km)为0.234 m o l/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.22 m o l/L,固定化细胞则分别为0.31 m o l/L和0.21 m o l/L。游离细胞和固定化细胞反应的最适pH分别为8.0和8.5。细胞固定化以后,耐热稳定性增强。30°C 0.2m o l/L的底物浓度下,摇瓶中连续转化25批,L( )酒石酸的转化率接近100%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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