dst6,拟南芥中一个可能的新的det2等位基因突变株

在黑暗条件下筛选拟南芥滞绿突变体时,得到一株突变体,dst6,表现出典型的油菜素突变体的特征．遗传分析表明其是单基因隐性突变．利用简单序列多态性标记,将其定位于2号染色体的底部．粗定位的结果和形态学特征表明dst6可能是一个det2等位基因突变株．通过对(dst6中DET2基因的测序分析,证明了dst6可能是一个新的det2等位基因突变株．     

重复修剪对月季照射后代诱变效果的影响

^Co-r射线照射现代杂交月季休眠枝条，第二年重复修剪后，突变频率提高突变说大，突变性状的稳定性增强。品种不同， 重复修剪后突变性状的表现也不同。试验表明，重复修剪可作为分离突变体和选月季新品种的重要手段之一。     

一种优良半矮秆水稻品种的分离与分子鉴定

株1S是中国南方稻区杂交水稻育种广泛应用的优良籼型温敏雄性核不育系.为了改良其农艺性状,我们采用体细胞无性系诱变方法筛选半矮秆突变体.本文报道了2个体细胞无性系突变体SV1S和SV14S的表型和初步分子鉴定结果.与亲本株1S相比,突变体的高度降低,基部节间长度缩短,节间壁显著增厚,但是上部的节间变化不明显.更重要的是,我们发现赤霉素生物合成途径中的关键酶基因GA20ox-2出现了约200bp的缺失突变,导致该基因在半矮秆突变体中的转录水平降低.研究结果表明,突变体SV1S和SV14S很可能是由于同一缺失突变导致赤霉素合成受阻,从而部分导致了半矮秆性状的出现.然而,2个突变体苗期的高度相同,以及糊粉层细胞!-淀粉酶活性和赤霉素敏感性降低等性状与以前报道的sd-1突变体有所不同.因此,我们推测在SV突变体中可能还存在第二个突变位点.该结果也进一步证实了体细胞无性系诱变在水稻育种中具有良好的应用前景.     

水稻白化突变体alb21生理特性和基因定位

高等植物叶绿体的正常发育需要叶绿体基因和核基因相互协调,这些基因的突变将导致叶绿体发育的缺陷．通过同位素诱变,获得了1例水稻的白化突变体alb21,其在幼苗时期就表现出白化性状,生长1个月左右逐渐死亡．遗传学分析表明,该突变属于单基因隐性突变;电镜观察表明,突变体细胞内完全丧失了叶绿体结构,只有一些空泡状的结构．突变体中既没有检测出叶绿素a或b,也没有检测出叶绿素合成的前体——原脱植基叶绿素a,说明此突变体的叶绿素合成途径受阻．因此,推测Alb21基因的突变,导致叶绿体发育受阻,叶绿素a或b以及叶绿素合成的前体——原脱植基叶绿素a不能合成．利用本实验室开发的水稻InDel分子标记,将该突变基因定位在第3条染色体上分子标记R3M51—2与R3M52—5之间约1520kb范围内．这些结果为该基因的克隆及叶绿体发育过程中的功能研究奠定了基础．     

水稻矮秆基因d-ss的遗传分析与克隆

通过γ射线诱变,从粳稻品种9522的M2代中筛选出一株矮秆水稻(Oryza sativa L.)突变体,定名d-ss.d-ss突变体表现为叶色深绿、短宽的叶片、以及小而圆的籽粒.以d-ss突变体与籼稻品种龙特普杂交的F2代群体为基因定位群体,利用InDel分子标记将d-ss突变位点定位在5号染色体上的InDel标记ZZ5-6和ZZ1343之间,物理距离为412kb.最终通过图位克隆的方法获得了此基因,测序结果表明此基因在编码区发生了两处缺失突变.     

拟南芥角果角度相关基因SPA的分子鉴定与功能分析

利用T-DNA插入突变的方法从拟南芥中筛选得到1个角果果柄生长角度变小的突变体,克隆得到该突变基因为SPA基因,并利用PCR和RT-PCR方法验证了T-DNA的插入位点;将SPA基因转入spa突变体后,互补植株角果角度恢复到野生型水平．推测SPA基因可能在调控角果角度方面具有重要功能．关键词 拟南芥;角果角度;SPA基因;TAIL-PCR     

重复修剪对月季照射后代诱变效果的影响

~(60)Co—r射线照射现代杂交月季休眠枝条,第二年重复修剪后,突变频率提高,突变谱扩大,突变性状的稳定性增强。品种不同,重复修剪后突变性状的表现也不同。试验表明,重复修剪可作为分离突变体和选育月季新品种的重要手段之一。     

豆豉纤溶酶纤溶活性的定向进化研究

通过易错PCR方法向来源于枯草芽孢杆菌DC-12的豆豉纤溶酶基因中引入突变并构建突变体库.利用底物H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA以酶活力为指标对突变体库进行筛选,通过三轮易错PCR最终获得一株酶活力提高的突变株M324.序列分析表明突变体M324酶基因发生了六处碱基突变,其中四处突变发生氨基酸取代,另两处为无义突变.通过SWISS-MODEL Repository模拟突变酶的结构显示,三个突变氨基酸位于回环结构上,一个位于α螺旋上.纤维蛋白平板法测定纤溶酶活,结果显示突变酶的比活力是野生型的2.44倍.     

拟南芥雄性不育基因ds254的定位及其表达模式

通过Ac／Ds转座子系统的诱变，得到拟南芥突变体DS254．它的发育进程比野生型慢，植株比野生型矮小，连座叶柄比野生型的短，花苞数目比野生型的多，分枝的数量比野生型的多，且雄性不育．遗传分析表明突变体属于隐性单基因突变，稳定遗传，并且与Ds是紧密连锁的。可能是Ds插入直接引起的突变．TAIL—PCR的方法将该基因定位在第4条染色体上．Ds上携带的GUS基因表迭的初步分析表明，GUS基因在突变体的花药和连座叶中表达，说明该基因也可能在这些部位表达．突变体的表型分析结果说明该基因可能在植物的许多发育过程中起作用．     

拟南芥抗盐单基因突变体的诱导与筛选

用Co60-γ射线辐照野生型拟南芥种子，将诱变处理后的M一代种子温室种植，收获的M2代种子用于抗盐突变体的筛选，将在200mmol／L盐胁迫条件下筛选出的352株幼苗根仍表现向地性生长或真叶不变为褐色的植株作为可能的突变体，再将这些M2代可能的突变体移苗种植至基质中并收获M3代种子，经对M3代的抗盐性状继续进行检测，最终获得4株100％表现抗盐性状的突变体。     

双元载体提供组蛋白H3/H4拷贝1的elp3Δ菌株的构建

人Elongator是在转录中有功能的组蛋白乙酰转移酶(HAT)复合物,为研究其催化亚基Elp3功能,构建了酵母组蛋白H3/H4拷贝1的双元表达载体pRS316CFT,通过PCR介导的基因敲除,获酵母基因组H3/H4缺失由双元载体提供单拷贝H3/H4的elp3Δ菌株.敏感性实验表明该载体提供H3/H4可维持酵母正常生长.本工作为构建H3/H4乙酰化位点突变菌株,用功能互补在体内研究人Elp3 HAT活性功能奠定了基础.     

Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis.

The retinoblastoma gene, a prototypic tumour-suppressor gene, encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein (Rb). To understand better the role of Rb in development and in tumorigenesis, mice with an insertional mutation in exon 20 of the Rb-1 locus were generated. Homozygous mutants die before the 16th embryonic day with multiple defects. The haematopoietic system is abnormal; there is a significant increase in the number of immature nucleated erythrocytes. In the nervous system, ectopic mitoses and massive cell death are found, particularly in the hindbrain. All spinal ganglion cells die, but the neural retina is unaffected. Transfer of the human retinoblastoma (RB) mini-transgene into the mutant mice corrects the developmental defects. Thus, Rb is essential for normal mouse development.     

Targeted disruption of the murine int-1 proto-oncogene resulting in severe abnormalities in midbrain and cerebellar development

The int-1 proto-oncogene was first identified as a gene activated in virally induced mouse mammary tumours. Expression studies, however, suggest that the normal function of this gene may be in spermatogenesis and in the development of the central nervous system. Genes sharing sequence similarity with int-1 have been found throughout the animal kingdom. For example, int-1 has 54% amino-acid identity to the Drosophila segment polarity gene wingless (wg). Both the int-1 and wg gene products seem to be secreted proteins, presumably involved in cell-cell signalling. We have now explored the function of int-1 in the mouse by disrupting one of the two int-1 alleles in mouse embryo-derived stem cells using positive-negative selection. This cell line was used to generate a chimaeric mouse that transmitted the mutant allele to its progeny. Mice heterozygous for the int-1 null mutation are normal and fertile, whereas mice homozygous for the mutation may exhibit a range of phenotypes from death before birth to survival with severe ataxia. The latter pathology in mice and humans is often associated with defects in the cerebellum. Examination of int-1-/int-1- mice at several stages of embryogenesis revealed severe abnormalities in the development of the mesencephalon and metencephalon indicating a prominent role for the int-1 protein is in the induction of the mesencephalon and cerebellum.     

The murine mutation osteopetrosis is in the coding region of the macrophage colony stimulating factor gene

Mice homozygous for the recessive mutation osteopetrosis (op) on chromosome 3 have a restricted capacity for bone remodelling, and are severely deficient in mature macrophages and osteoclasts. Both cell populations originate from a common haemopoietic progenitor. As op/op mice are not cured by transplants of normal bone marrow cells, the defects in op/op mice may be associated with an abnormal haematopoietic microenvironment rather than with an intrinsic defect in haematopoietic progenitors. To investigate the molecular and biochemical basis of the defects caused by the op mutation, we established primary fibroblast cell lines from op/op mice and tested the ability of these cell lines to support the proliferation of macrophage progenitors. We show that op/op fibroblasts are defective in production of functional macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), although its messenger RNA (Csfm mRNA) is present at normal levels. This defect in M-CSF production and the recent mapping of the Csfm structural gene near op on chromosome 3 suggest that op is a mutation within the Csfm gene itself. We have sequenced Csfm complementary DNA prepared from op/op fibroblasts and found a single base pair insertion in the coding region of the Csfm gene that generates a stop codon 21 base pairs downstream. Thus, the op mutation is within the Csfm coding region and we conclude that the pathological changes in this mutant result from the absence of M-CSF.     

Gene conversion between duplicated genetic elements in yeast

The mitotic recombination behaviour of a duplication of the his4 region on chromosome III in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. The major recombination event between the duplicated segments is gene conversion unassociated with reciprocal recombination. The rad52-1 mutation preferentially decreases mitotic gene conversion. These results suggest that mitotic gene conversion may occur by a different pathway from that occurring in meiosis. This mitotic gene conversion may be important in yeast mating type interconversion and the maintenance of sequence homogeneity in families of repeated eukaryotic genes.     

Molecular tagging of a genic male-sterile gene in rice

The sterility of Pingxiang male-sterile rice (Pms), possibly derided from a spontaneous mutation in Pingxiang fertile rice (Pmf), was previously reported to be controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene. It can be restored to fertility either by a dominant epistatic gene or by higher temperature treatment at the early stage of inflorescence development. In order to tag the genic male-sterile gene, Pms, Pmf and Ce 64, a cytoplasmic male-sterile restoring line without the epistatic gene for Pms, were used to construct mapping populations. Two segregation populations, “(Pms/Ce 64) F1s (sterile plant)//Pmf ” F1 and “Pms//(Pmf/Ce 64) F1” F1, were simultaneously developed. Subsequently, the genic male- sterile gene was mapped between a simple sequence length polymorphism marker, RM228, and a restriction fragment length polymorphism marker, G2155, with distances of 14.9 and 2.6 cM, respectively. The tagged dominant genic male-sterile gene is temporarily designated Ms-p.     

谷子抽穗期突变体jt1242-14b的遗传分析和定位

为鉴定控制谷子抽穗的关键基因,通过甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methyl sulfonate,EMS)诱变谷子参考基因组测序品种豫谷1号,获得遗传稳定的谷子超早抽穗突变体jt1242-14b.与豫谷1号相比,jt1242-14b抽穗期明显提前,茎秆变细,叶片变窄、变短.遗传分析表明,突变性状受隐性单基因控制.以SSR41(父本)、jt1242-14b(母本)和F₂群体进行突变基因定位,结果表明,该基因位于第9号染色体,在分子标记In4746和In9-11之间的4 447 kb之内.进一步测序比对分析发现突变位点位于PHYB基因内部,因此,PHYB很可能是该早熟突变体的目标基因.本研究为谷子早抽穗基因克隆及PHYB基因功能研究提供材料基础.     

四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim)雄性不育的细胞学研究

首次报导了四合木花粉发育过程中存在雄性不育现象．四合木花具八枚雄蕊,分两轮排列．药壁发育属基本型,具腺质绒毡层．正常花药的绒毡层细胞在四分孢子形成之后开始解体．四合木花药败育从小孢子母细胞减数分裂Ｉ前期开始,在以后的各个时期均有发生．败育发生在个别雄蕊或全部雄蕊中不等．败育花药的药壁中层、绒毡层在小孢子母细胞减数分裂之前即开始解体,减数分裂过程中基本全部瓦解,使小孢子母细胞正常的减数分裂不能进行,引起以后一系列败育现象,形成不正常的四分孢子或单核花粉粒．败育花药药室瓦解,花粉囊收缩变形．即使在正常发育的成熟花药内,仍能观察到败育的花粉粒,形状为椭圆形或三角形．