区域电力现期混合交易体系及最优交易策略

为实现电力市场的多元参与和灵活交易,设计一种新的现期混合电力市场应用于区域电力市场.现期混合电力市场基于智能性、灵活性、开放性和扩展性等原则,支持多家发电公司与电力用户参与市场,它们既可选择现货交易模式,也可选择期货交易模式,且之间存在竞价.为形成有效的电力交易,搭建了一个分层系统架构,在下层,发电公司/电力用户之间相互竞争,确定最优卖电/买电量,最大化个体的效益;上层发电公司整体与电力用户以最优化所在群体的利益为目标进行竞价,确定市场现货价格和期货合同价格.在仿真案例中,验证了所提现期混合电力市场与单独的现货市场相比所存在优势,现期混合电力市场能够有效地解决电价过高的问题,并为建设成市场机制定价、期货工具齐全的多层次市场体系提供技术支持.     

浅谈在电力市场下的发电调度问题

结合我国电力市场建设的实际,分别针对全电量竞价模式和部分电量竞价模式分析了竞价开机、合同开机2种机组开停机规约;为协调发、购电双方的利益要求,提出了根据竞价机组可用发电量的比例或竞价上网电量的比例等2种在发电公司(厂)内部分配各竞价机组合同电量的方法;为协调边际机组间的边际负荷分配问题,提出了比例分配法、依次分配法2种分配边际负荷的基本方法;根据机组发电计划的组成特点,提出并分析了日合同计划不可调、日合同计划可调2种机组发电计划调整规约。     

电网发电竞价上网数据申报及信息发布系统

发电竞价上网是实现电力市场化的重要举措和必然趋势．介绍了系统的功能，详细讨论了客户端、监控端和服务端的工作原理．阐述了系统公开密钥的RSA加密算法和公开密钥的竞标标书加密；根据湖南省发电企业发电竞价上网的有关政策要求，提出了发电竞价的价格优先竞标算法，详细介绍了竞标算法的竞标原则．价格优先竞标算法既能实现各电厂间的公平竞争，同时也使发电竞争的总电量的平均电价降低，降低了用户的用电电价．系统为发电竞价上网的“公正、公平、公开”提供了有力的技术支持．     

东北送华北电量交易存在的问题及应对措施

黑龙江省内发电企业参与东北送华北电量交易,中标电量占总交易电量比例略低于容量占比。针对中标电量偏低的问题,结合黑龙江电网特点,找出省内机组在交易竞价中存在的问题,分析问题成因。从管理角度向电网企业提出加强电网运营分析、搭建交易互动平台等多项措施,协助发电企业增加中标电量,实现发电企业与电网企业的共赢。     

发电厂竞价决策支持系统的研究与设计

随着我国电力工业改革的不断深入,电力市场已经逐步建立,发电厂从传统的发电——输电——供电一体化的模式中分每出来,独立参与市场竞争。在这种环境下,发电公司如何借助于竞价决策支持系统进一步加强成本管理与控制,制定合理的竞价策略,就成为一个迫切需要解决的实际问题。本文主要介绍了发电厂竞价决策支持系统的功能模块设计和界面设计,提出了系统设计的技术路线及软件结构．包括数据库和部分重要功能模块。最后,作者就竞价决策支持系统中的重要功能模块——负荷预测做了重点分析和探讨。     

基于机会约束规划的发电商多种交易市场下投标组合策略

电力市场中存在着日前市场、实时市场、合同市场和辅助服务市场等多种交易方式。对于发电商而言,为了获得较多的利润并且降低风险,必须在各个交易市场上合理分配参与竞价的电量与容量。文中依据现代投资组合理论和机会约束模型,以期望收益率与置信水平为向导,构造了基于机会约束规划的多种交易方式下的投标组合VaR模型,提出了基于蒙特卡罗仿真的遗传算法的求解方法,为发电商的投标组合决策提供了新的思路。     

水电厂发电报价辅助决策系统研究

为了适应电力市场的需要，建立了水电厂的报价辅助决策系统。主要讲述了水电的特点及竞价模式，构建了发电辅助报价系统的网络结构，并且对水电厂的报价辅助决策系统的主要功能做了详细的介绍。     

市场环境下计及竞价机组整体特性的机组组合

以价值工程和电力系统可靠性理论为指导,针对目前发电市场中机组组合问题研究存在的未充分协调机组经济性和可靠性不足,提出了一种基于竞价机组运行价值的新模型,该模型以系统竞价机组的运行价值之和最大为优化目标,兼顾了各竞价机组运行的经济性和可靠性,其结果可为公平合理的发电计划制定,提供量化决策依据.通过算例分析,表明文中提出的方法比其他方法更全面、更合理.     

计及输电阻塞的发电公司最优竞价模型

为了实现电力市场环境下发电公司最优竞价,根据对市场内其他机组报价系数的预测,建立计及竞争对手报价的发电公司竞价模型,求取未计及输电容量约束时的最优竞价系数.建立市场出清模型,计算各机组出力期望值,根据上述期望值进行潮流计算.当预测有输电阻塞发生时,将输电阻塞对电力公司竞价策略的影响引入竞价模型中,并基于灵敏度分析以阻塞费用最小为目标确定发电公司出力调整量.通过Matlab仿真分析表明,采取上述方法得到的最优竞价系数进行报价时,能实现发电公司利润最大化的目标.     

电力市场环境下的备用服务问题

电力市场下的备用服务是辅助服务中主要部分之一,它在维持电力系统的安全可靠性、提高系统运行质量、缓解高峰负荷电价等方面具有举足轻重的作用。备用问题可分为分配、定价和竞价方法的研究。本文对现在已有的方法进行了综述,并提出了以后需要解决的问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.