基于相关向量机的富水砂层渣土改良试验效果预测

为了精准、高效获得富水砂层渣土改良试验效果,以渗透系数、内摩擦角(改良前)、电阻率、泡沫剂浓度和膨润土浓度为输入变量,坍落度、渗透系数、内摩擦角(改良后)为输出变量,并基于24组富水砂层渣土改良数据,建立相关向量机(rel-evance vector machine,RVM)预测模型,将预测结果与反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络模型进行对比分析.结果表明:RVM模型在预测坍落度、渗透系数和内摩擦角时的平均误差分别为0.73％、0.38％和2.24％,优于BP神经网络模型的1.76％、4.53％和3.60％;通过计算皮尔逊相关系数,可知RVM预测值与实测值对应坍落度、渗透系数、内摩擦角的相关系数r分别为0.9999、0.9993和0.9878,说明拟合程度极高.由此可见,RVM模型具有预测精度高、可靠性高的优点,为富水砂层渣土改良试验效果的预测提供一种新方法.     

高渗透地层土压盾构渣土改良试验研究

土压平衡式盾构施工在砾砂地层中容易出现螺旋排土器喷涌等问题,为了维持开挖面稳定,使盾构顺利掘进,需要对土压舱内的渣土进行改良.传统的渣土改良方案如加膨润土泥浆和气泡很难满足改良要求,文章通过对砾砂地层土颗粒的级配特征进行分析,发现砂砾地层缺少0.075~0.05 mm和0.25~0.01 mm粒组,通过粉土补充该粒组即在膨润土泥浆中掺入粉土对渣土进行改良,渣土的渗透系数大幅下降,改良效果良好.     

富水石英砂砾层盾构施工的土体改良试验

针对某石英含量较高的富水砂砾地层地铁工程进行了系统的土体改良试验,并以室内试验的添加剂配比方案为基础进行了现场掘进应用及施工试验.结果表明:通过土体改良试验得到了最优的室内试验添加剂配比,即在天然含水率条件下泡沫注入比为10%,泥浆注入比为23%~25%;现场施工应密切关注土仓与螺旋输送机的压力平衡关系,并调整添加剂注入量,以达到防止盾构喷涌和控制刀盘载荷的目的,并使得渣土的坍落度和稠度分别保持在20cm和8cm左右.     

土压平衡盾构改良渣土力学行为及其地层响应特征

基于土压平衡盾构改良渣土的力学行为直接影响着土舱压力传递性、地层沉降和开挖面稳定性,以南昌地区泥质粉砂岩和砾砂作为试验材料,采用泡沫剂和膨润土泥浆为改良剂,对渣土进行三轴快剪(不固结不排水)试验,并基于三维数值模拟,分析渣土改良对地层响应的影响。研究结果表明:改良和未改良渣土的应力-应变曲线都近似于硬化型曲线,并且硬化曲线特征不受改良剂的影响;改良后渣土的抗剪强度大幅度减小,改良剂添加率越高,渣土抗剪强度越低,改良效果越好;泡沫和膨润土泥浆对渣土的改良机理存在一定差异,采用泡沫改良渣土能降低渣土内摩擦角和黏聚力;采用膨润土泥浆改良渣土能减小渣土内摩擦角,而其黏聚力小幅度增大;考虑改良渣土和盾构机刀盘的影响时,开挖面支护应力曲线呈现出非线性,其分布受刀盘开口分布位置的影响;开挖面的支护应力和地层响应均受到渣土改良的影响,改良效果越好,开挖面支护应力越小,开挖面前方地层沉降越大;与采用膨润土泥浆改良渣土相比,采用泡沫改良渣土后开挖面支护应力较小,地层沉降较大。     

砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工渣土改良试验

砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工时需进行渣土改良,提高渣土的流塑性.针对成都砂卵石地层采用泡沫、膨润土和聚合物进行改良,进行室内塌落度试验、搅拌试验和泥浆黏度试验来确定配比.研究结果表明,钠基膨润土比钙基膨润土具有更好的膨化能力,且不发生分层,更适用于渣土改良.案例中膨润土单独改良的合理配比为泥浆质量分数14.3%,注入量体积比20%.泡沫改良时注入率受渣土含水率影响较大,土体含水率越大,泡沫最佳注入率越小.泡沫加膨润土共同改良比两者单独改良效果要好,选择泡剂质量分数为3%、泥浆质量分数为14.3%,添加量在某一个范围,有多种组合都可以满足要求;当泥浆注入量体积比为12%时,泡沫最优注入量体积比为15%～20%;当泥浆注入量体积比为6%,泡沫最优注入量体积比为30%～35%.当地下水丰富时,需要添加聚合物;正常情况下也可降低膨润土泥浆浓度,添加聚合物,来节省膨润土用量,从而降低工程成本.     

泡沫稳定性对土压平衡盾构砂卵石渣土改良效果

为确保土压平衡盾构在砂卵石地层施工时切削的渣土具有良好的工程特性,以成都轨道17号线明九区间2号风井—九江北区间为背景,采用不同稳定性的泡沫剂分别掺入卵砾石含量为20%、40%和60%的砂卵石渣土中,开展室内坍落度试验、渗透试验和喷涌试验,研究各种泡沫土流动性、渗透性和时效性的变化规律,探讨泡沫剂稳定性与砂卵石渣土的适应性。结果表明：稳定性好的泡沫能够适应卵砾石含量低于60%的砂卵石土层,即泡沫稳定性的提高有利于扩大砂卵石地层的适用范围;稳定性好的泡沫剂能够保持改良砂卵石渣土掘削排渣全过程良好的流动性、抗渗性;过量的泡沫掺入改良的砂卵石渣土易发生离析,造成改良后的渣土难以达到良好的和易性;泡沫改良砂卵石渣土的喷涌压力可作为检验改良效果的重要指标。     

土压平衡盾构法隧道施工渣土改良指标探讨

为了改良土压平衡盾构法隧道施工中渣土性能指标,根据多个城市地铁土压平衡盾构法隧道施工的实践经验,结合设计和施工规范,对渣土性能指标的改良进行了试验。结果表明,渣土性能改良后,土体流塑性得到了改善,摩擦性显著降低,刀盘扭矩显著减小,盾构刀具磨损减少,支掌面稳定性提高。     

浅析土压平衡盾构机过富水砂层施工技术

富水砂层是具有良好的富水性和透水性的地层,在进行施工的时候是会遇到很多的问题的,对出现的问题进行解决,也能更好的促进土压平衡盾构机施工技术得到提高,同时也能更好的促进交通行业获得更好的发展.     

基于激光扫描技术的盾构渣土改良状态自动识别方法

为促进渣土改良状态评价方法向着规范化、自动化的方向发展,提出一种基于激光扫描技术的盾构渣土改良状态快速自动识别方法。针对不同含水率和泡沫注入比的粗粒土试样开展坍落度试验,采用激光扫描仪获得坍落体中心位置竖向截面轮廓点云数据,并通过计算机提取截面轮廓几何特征点,获得试样的坍落度和割线角,建立以坍落度和割线角的合适范围作为合适改良状态评价指标的自动识别方法。研究结果表明：采用坍落度和坍落体割线角可以准确识别改良粗粒土的改良状态;相对于传统坍落度试验,该方法的突出优点是可自动扫描并快速识别渣土的改良状态;室内坍落度试验结果验证了该方法对粗粒土试样改良状态识别的有效性,可为研究盾构水平传送带上渣土截面轮廓几何特征和渣土改良状态识别提供参考。     

土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料施工和易性试验研究

为研究满足各类场地条件下土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料施工和易性要求的主要施工参数,对钙基膨润土浆液和钠基膨润土浆液进行马氏漏斗黏度试验、API滤失试验和密度测定,并针对砂-膨润土、黏性土-膨润土、砂-黏性土-膨润土3类土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料进行坍落度试验.试验结果表明,钙基膨润土浆液和钠基膨润土浆液的合理膨润土掺量分别为10%和3%.3类土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料的坍落度与含水率均呈良好的线性正相关性.采用标准坍落筒和迷你锥坍落筒所测定的坍落度结果之间存在统一的经验关系.采用迷你锥坍落筒代替标准坍落筒进行土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料施工和易性试验时,满足坍落度要求的含水率范围为其液限的1.0~1.6倍,所对应坍落度范围为22~48 mm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-