富水砂层土压平衡盾构施工渣土改良试验

针对深圳的富水砂层,采用泡沫、膨润土以及高分子聚合物等添加剂,改良盾构施工渣土,进行现场坍落度试验.基于现场试验结果,通过对土样进行电镜扫描以及压缩、渗透等室内试验研究,分析了改性渣土细观结构以及渗透、压缩特性的变化.对添加剂改善富水砂性土的流塑性、保水性以及开挖面动态土压平衡机理作了较深入的探讨.结果表明,富水砂层中,采用质量比为1∶7、外掺量为8%~10%的膨润土进行渣土改良,可满足施工需求.     

土压平衡盾构改良渣土力学行为及其地层响应特征

基于土压平衡盾构改良渣土的力学行为直接影响着土舱压力传递性、地层沉降和开挖面稳定性,以南昌地区泥质粉砂岩和砾砂作为试验材料,采用泡沫剂和膨润土泥浆为改良剂,对渣土进行三轴快剪(不固结不排水)试验,并基于三维数值模拟,分析渣土改良对地层响应的影响。研究结果表明:改良和未改良渣土的应力-应变曲线都近似于硬化型曲线,并且硬化曲线特征不受改良剂的影响;改良后渣土的抗剪强度大幅度减小,改良剂添加率越高,渣土抗剪强度越低,改良效果越好;泡沫和膨润土泥浆对渣土的改良机理存在一定差异,采用泡沫改良渣土能降低渣土内摩擦角和黏聚力;采用膨润土泥浆改良渣土能减小渣土内摩擦角,而其黏聚力小幅度增大;考虑改良渣土和盾构机刀盘的影响时,开挖面支护应力曲线呈现出非线性,其分布受刀盘开口分布位置的影响;开挖面的支护应力和地层响应均受到渣土改良的影响,改良效果越好,开挖面支护应力越小,开挖面前方地层沉降越大;与采用膨润土泥浆改良渣土相比,采用泡沫改良渣土后开挖面支护应力较小,地层沉降较大。     

基于高光谱的法国梧桐和毛白杨叶片叶绿素含量反演模型研究

利用ASD便携式野外光谱仪和SPAD-502叶绿素计,实测了落叶阔叶树法国梧桐(Platanus orientalis L)和毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr)叶片的高光谱反射率与叶片绿度,并对原始光谱反射率及一阶导数光谱与叶片绿度进行了相关分析;采用导数光谱数据敏感波段建立了叶绿素含量估算模型,法国梧桐和毛白杨模型的确定性系数R2分别为0.7791和0.6858;采用相关系数较大的波段作为BP和RBF人工神经网络模型的输入变量,分别进行了叶绿素含量的估算,结果表明,BP和RBF神经网络模型预测效果均良好,在预测精度上,RBF略优于BP神经网络模型.     

多参数影响下污水总氮浓度预测最优方法研究

污水总氮(TN)深度脱除是当前我国污水处理领域的重大科技需求.TN的去除受到多种环境及操作条件的影响,开发多参数条件下稳健的TN浓度预测方法是降低污水厂能耗、实现智能化控制的重要前提.针对以上问题,以某实际污水处理厂反硝化深床滤池为例,采用BP神经网络(BP)、量子遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(QGA_BP)、改进的QGA_BP和支持向量回归机(SVR),在进水流量和碳源投加量等13种变量条件下,对滤池出水TN进行了模拟预测.共选取147组数据,其中130组用于出水水质和工艺参数的拟合模拟,17组用于结果验证.将总氮实测值依次与BP,QGA_BP和改进的QGA_BP神经网络以及SVR预测结果进行对比,相关系数R2依次增大,分别为0.221,0.275,0.826和0.951,即预测值与实测值之间的拟合度逐渐升高.SVR克服了神经网络预测误差较大的问题,对多参数影响下TN浓度的预测具有较高的准确性和稳定性,用其替代常用的神经网络算法具有明显的优势.     

基于Copula EDA优化BP神经网络的表面粗糙度预测

为了提高预测机械加工表面粗糙度的精度,提出了基于Copula分布估计算法(estimation of distribution algorithm,EDA)优化BP神经网络的方法.以铣削45#钢为试验对象,采用控制变量法进行切削试验.在线测量主切削力、轴向力、径向力和振幅,并进行数据处理,得到相应切削力的平均值、标准差、均方根值及振幅,同时离线测量二维粗糙度R_a、三维粗糙度平均值S_a和均方根值S_q.对切削分力的平均值、标准差、均方根值及振幅与粗糙度做相关性分析,选择Kendall秩相关系数最大的主切削力平均值作为输入变量,输入BP神经网络和基于Copula EDA优化BP神经网络,进行训练和预测.试验结果表明:基于Copula EDA优化BP神经网络的预测精度总体高于BP神经网络的预测精度,对R_a,S_a和S_q的平均预测精度分别达到91.98%,91.03%和89.10%.     

基于BP-Adaboost的近红外光谱检测固态发酵过程pH值

为了实现固态发酵过程参数pH值的快速检测,提出基于近红外光谱技术的固态发酵过程参数pH值检测新方法.首先获取140个固态发酵过程产物样本在10 000 ～4 000 cm-1范围内的近红外光谱;然后利用酸度计测得近红外光谱预测模型的参考测量值;最后运用Adaboost(AdaptiveBoosting)算法来构建由10个弱预测器(BP神经网络)组成的BP-Adaboost强预测模型.试验结果显示:该模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和预测集相关系数(R)分别为0.072 6和0.981 1;与BP模型结果相比,该模型具有较好的预测精度.     

基于BP神经网络的玛纳斯河流域雪盖率预测

为了实现对新疆玛纳斯河流域的雪盖率预测,为该区融雪径流预报提供数据支撑,本文选取反向传播(BP)神经网络模型时间序列预测的方法对研究区雪盖率的预测问题进行了研究.首先基于2001-2012年研究区中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS)积雪数据产品MOD10A2提取研究区雪盖并计算雪盖率,分析研究区雪盖率变化在时间上的自相关性,据此选取对预测值影响较大的相邻若干个历史时刻的雪盖率以及往年同期雪盖率的均值作为模型输入变量,建立神经网络模型,并选取相关系数与确定系数作为模型预测效果的评价指标.结果表明:以BP神经网络时间序列预测方法预测2012年积雪覆盖率,输入变量为与待预测雪盖率相邻的前期雪盖率值与往年同期雪盖率均值,预测值与实际值的相关系数为0.80,确定系数为0.61,预测结果基本反映了2012年雪盖率的年内变化趋势,可以为融雪径流模型(SRM)径流预报提供一定的数据支撑.     

不同含石量条件下砂卵石土特性试验研究

砂卵石地层是一种典型的力学不稳定地层,盾构在此类地层施工中常遇到出土困难、刀盘磨损和地下水喷涌等问题.针对此类地层物质组成和结构的复杂多变性,选择洛阳地铁2号线某站点附近砂卵石地层进行取样,进行不同含石量下砂卵石土的大型直剪试验、坍落度试验和渗透试验,系统地研究了含石量对砂卵石土抗剪强度、流动性和渗透性的影响.试验结果表明:砂卵石土抗剪强度和内摩擦角均随着含石量的增加而呈非线性增大,且含石量小于30%时抗剪强度和内摩擦角增大较小,含石量位于30%～70%时抗剪强度和内摩擦角增大显著,含石量大于70%时抗剪强度和内摩擦角变化不明显;砂卵石土坍落度随着含石量增大而减小,且存在一个减小速率明显不同的分界含石量约为50%;砂卵石土渗透系数随着含石量的增加而增大,且表现出与抗剪强度和内摩擦角一致的规律.     

神经网络模型在煤碳生物脱硫仿真及优化中的应用

通过单因素实验研究了转速、培养温度、初始pH、脱硫时间、煤浆浓度和煤炭颗粒度对煤炭生物脱硫的影响,建立了煤炭生物脱硫反应过程的BP神经网络模型.研究结果表明,神经网络训练中的模型检验均方误差接近1×10-3,模型检验样本预测输出值和试验值的决定相关系数达到0.9997,表明该模型对煤炭生物脱硫过程仿真及结果预测效果良好;采用遗传算法工具箱对建立的BP神经网络模型进行优化求解,在最优条件下得到的脱硫率为47.6%,该结果经实验验证具有可靠稳定性.     

基于BP神经网络的地基压实度测量方法

组建BP神经网络检测地基压实度系统装置,利用灰度-梯度共生矩阵方法提取激光图像的特征值,用其训练BP神经网络模型,预测地基压实度.结果表明:BP神经网络经过4次学习后达到要求的误差,模型的输出值和目标值的相关系数为0.97699.BP神经网络检测方法与传统环刀法检测结果对比结果表明,平均绝对误差为0.049,平均相对误差为7.16％,BP神经网络检测方法可以用于检测地基压实度.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.