刘池阳教授主持的“羌塘盆地构造特征及其演化”课题通过验收

由西北大学含油气盆地研究所承担、刘池阳教授负责的“羌塘盆地构造特征及其演化”是中国石油天然气集团公司“九五”油气勘探科技工程项目“青藏高原石油地质综合评价与勘探目标研究”的二级课题“青藏高原构造特征及其演化历史研究”所属的三级专题。１９９９年３月１０日，青藏“九五”油气勘探科技工程项目组织有关专家，在北京对该专题进行了最终成果评审。专家评审组认为，该专题研究取得了以下主要研究成果。（１）在区域大地构造背景研究上，认为青藏地区区域动力学环境，以相对稳定的陆块、沉积盆地与活动带三位一体的块、盆、带（…     

青藏高原东缘中生代若尔盖古高原的发现及其地质意义

40 Ma B.P."原青藏高原"的提出使得青藏高原的早期隆升历史受到越来越多的关注,但其向东的延伸情况不明。青藏高原东缘若尔盖高原、龙门山冲断带和四川盆地有机地构建了一个完整的原-山-盆体系,成为揭示青藏高原隆升和生长的理想场所,而位于高原内部若尔盖地块的红参1井更为此提供了宝贵素材。基于红参1井的构造恢复和低温热年代学研究结果,结合区域上已有的低温热年代学和古高程数据,提出青藏高原东缘在早新生代印-亚大陆碰撞之前就已形成了高原,称之为若尔盖古高原,并从基底构造属性、构造变形、地壳缩短与增厚、沉积记录等方面对其进行了论证。红参1井钻井剖面构造恢复结果揭示所钻遇7 000余米的三叠系复理石层系实际上有46%的厚度是由构造重复所致,连同广泛发育的晚三叠世埃达克质花岗岩以及利用中性岩浆岩Sr/Y比值估算的地壳厚度,共同表明青藏高原东部松潘-甘孜地区在晚三叠世就已发生了实质性的地壳加厚。红参1井多重低温热年代学[锆石(U-Th)/He,磷灰石裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He]测试结果揭示若尔盖地块分别在白垩纪中期(约120 Ma B.P.和约80 Ma B.P.)经历了2次快速的冷却事件,累计剥蚀厚度达5 km,之后转入极其缓慢的冷却过程,暗示其已进入高原化阶段;而在整个新生代期间处于近乎"零"剥蚀的状态而被动地抬升到现今高度(不同于常见的山脉隆升,地块隆升代表了一定范围的区域整体抬升)。因此,青藏高原东部若尔盖地块最晚在白垩纪末期就已形成高原,即若尔盖古高原,其范围可能包括三叠系复理石层系覆盖的大部分松潘-甘孜地区,并可能向西与羌塘古高原相连,构成羌塘-若尔盖古高原。若尔盖古高原的形成不仅造成四川盆地西缘在白垩纪中期出现了重要的物源转变,更重要的是加剧了青藏高原东缘白垩纪气候干旱化,出现了大量沙漠沉积和膏盐沉积。若尔盖古高原的发现不仅有助于深化对青藏高原隆升和生长过程的理解,也将引发对青藏高原形成机制的重新思考以及对其气候-环境-资源效应的关注。     

地壳热导率:测量技术、测量结果及地球动力学意义

针对青藏高原下部地壳物质如何产生部分熔融的问题,对测量地壳岩石热扩散率的激光闪光法的测量方法进行分析,认为该方法的测量结果只能给出岩石的晶格热导率。计算结果表明,青藏高原在隆升过程中,仅由热传导因素不能导致该地区地壳物质的部分熔融,大范围的岩浆活动应该是耗散热、水的参与、放射性物质的富集及下地壳相对低的热导率共同作用的结果。     

西藏亚勒—雄勒断裂带侵入岩体地球化学特征及构造成因

亚勒－雄勒断裂带是冈底斯板块与羌塘板块的分界断裂带，是班公湖－怒江断裂带中段的组成部分。对断裂带侵入岩岩体的岩石类型、岩石化学特征、岩石地球化学特征的研究表明，侵入岩石主要为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、角闪石闪长岩和花岗岩，属钙碱性岩石系列，具“I”型花岗岩特征。其形成是由于在冈底斯板块与羌塘板块碰撞过程中，地壳物质发生熔融而沿断裂带侵入所致，为燕山晚期产物。     

羌塘高原珍稀有蹄类动物之研究

羌塘高原是一个具有独特生态系统的生态单位，也是当今世界上缺乏深入研究的区域之一。本文着重分析了羌塘高原的自然生态景观，报导了羌塘高原珍稀有蹄类动物的种类、数量，分布以及其生态。羌塘高原珍稀有蹄类动物，是青藏高原动物区系的重要组成部份，无论是其种群结构，群落特征，还是其生理生态特点，都极大限度以反映和显示了高原动物的独特色彩。文中还就羌塘高原珍稀有蹄类的历史演化，保护现状及开发利用前景进行了磋商。拟将进一步深入研究羌塘高原，认识羌塘高原，开发和利用羌塘高原提供一些依据。     

西藏亚勒-雄勒断裂带侵入岩体地球化学特征及构造成因

亚勒—雄勒断裂带是冈底斯板块与羌塘板块的分界断裂带 ,是班公湖—怒江断裂带中段的组成部分。对断裂带侵入岩岩体的岩石类型、岩石化学特征、岩石地球化学特征的研究表明 ,侵入岩石主要为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、角闪石闪长岩和花岗岩 ,属钙碱性岩石系列 ,具“Ⅰ”型花岗岩特征。其形成是由于在冈底斯板块与羌塘板块碰撞过程中 ,地壳物质发生熔融而沿断裂带侵入所致 ,为燕山晚期产物     

青藏高原东缘岩石圈及软流圈结构

青藏高原东缘岩石圈及软流圈结构的研究是认识该区域地壳上地幔的构造形变及高原内部物质向东运移的重要手段。通过搜集四川区域数字地震台站和野外临时地震台站记录的观测资料,采用接收函数共转换点(CCP)偏移叠加成像方法对青藏高原东缘深部结构研究。研究结果揭示:青藏高原东缘的地壳厚度比四川盆地的地壳厚度大10~20km;在青藏高原东缘与四川盆地的过渡地带,莫霍面处存在大幅度的垂向错断和变形。从青藏高原东缘到四川盆地,岩石圈与软流圈分界面(LAB)显示出深度逐步增加、410km间断面深度则有变浅的趋势。在地壳的下界面和LAB界面间以及LAB界面与410km间断面间也存在多条不连续的分层。青藏高原东缘和四川盆地的LAB界面的下方都有明显的低速层分布,但它们之间存在差别,四川盆地的LAB界面的下方低速层分布较为完整,而青藏高原东缘LAB界面下方的低速层分布中可见离散的高速块体分布。青藏高原东缘与四川盆地深部结构的明显差异,体现了该地区的深部地球动力学背景的复杂性。     

青藏高原的地质特征与形成演化

 青藏高原由于在全球所处的特殊地位,一直是各国科学家关注和竞争研究的热点地区,但仍有众多科学问题尚未达成一致。结合最新的研究进展,着重分析讨论青藏高原形成演化中的隆升过程及其地质学证据和动力学问题。青藏高原是一个独特的地质单元,有着条块相间的构造格局,地壳厚度巨大,其隆升已是不争的事实,在古生物学、沉积学、古地貌学、岩溶学和古地磁学等方面仍在积累大量证据,但对隆升过程的具体细节仍有不同认识。目前在探测地壳的精细结构方面取得了长足进展,对青藏高原下方俯冲的前沿位置、几何形态和运动方向等取得了相对统一的认识。     

中国及相邻区域岩石圈结构及动力学意义

中国大陆及邻近陆域海域是晚古生代以来由多个较小的板块或地块汇聚形成的.中生代亚洲东部岩石圈拉张解体和减薄.古新世印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞引起地壳缩短隆升,形成青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带.根据中国大陆及相邻区域天然地震、人工地震及其他地学资料, 采用多学科多手段进行反演.对沉积层、地壳、岩石圈厚度进行研究,探讨中国大陆及相邻陆域海域岩石圈结构特征及深部动力学问题.     

破译青藏高原形成之谜

正为了研究充满谜团的世界屋脊,张以春研究员在过去20年间17次前往青藏高原。本刊邀请他来讲述参与青藏科考的经历与见解。为什么青藏高原上的缝合带大致都和今天的大江位置重合?张以春:缝合带可以理解为将两侧的板块焊到一起的位置,焊接处总是最不结实的,很容易受剥蚀作用的影响。同时,缝合带在地壳上表现为深大断裂,也就很容易发生地震,使得附近的岩体进一步破碎。因此在地貌上,缝合带的地势相对低洼,相对容易成为大江干流的位置。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.