La Sota毒株胰蛋白酶作用试验

在３７℃条件下,用０．１％和１％胰蛋白酶消化新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）ＬａＳｏｔａ毒株１２和２４ｈ后,接种１５日龄ＮＤＶ非免疫雏鸡,接种１５ｄ内雏鸡健活,采取血清测定血凝抑制（ＨＩ）抗体效价与对照组无显著差异;用０．１％和１％胰蛋白酶分别作用ＬａＳｏｔａ毒株２、４、１２和２４ｈ后,接种１０日龄ＮＤＶ非免疫鸡胚,鸡胚平均致死时间及尿囊液中病毒血凝（ＨＡ）效价与对照差异不显著;ＬａＳｏｔａ、Ｃｌｏｎｅ－３０     

免疫鸡群感染新城疫强毒后排毒规律研究

将经过２次新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗基础免疫的ＳＰＦ鸡,随机分成５组,每组８只,在６０日龄时分别用Ｆ４８Ｅ８、Ｔｅｘａｓ、Ｈｅｒｔ３３、Ｌａｓｏｔａ等新城疫强毒和弱毒经口腔接种（剂量为０．２５ｍＬ）,１２ｈ后采取泄殖腔棉试样品,利用ＮＤ强毒快速检测试剂盒进行排毒的动态监测,并在攻毒前期、中期、后期各试验组ＳＰＦ鸡的ＨＩ效价。结果发现试验组鸡群中个体在第３天开始排毒,２０ｄ左右排毒结束,其间在６￣７ｄ和１１     

免疫与未免疫鸡感染IBDV后血浆TNF-α和NO变化

为探讨肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）和自由基在鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）发病过程中的作用机制．研究了经ＩＢＤ弱毒苗免疫和未免疫的３０～５９ 日龄ＡＡ 鸡在感染传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）后血浆ＴＮＦ－α和一氧化氮自由基（ＮＯ）水平动态变化．结果表明：攻毒后第１ 天,未免疫攻毒鸡（Ａ组）血浆ＴＮＦ－α即表现较大的变化,至第３ 天,Ａ组和免疫攻毒鸡（Ｂ组）ＴＮＦ－α显著高于未免疫未攻毒鸡（Ｃ组）;血浆ＮＯ则表现为在攻毒后第３ 天,Ａ 组明显上升,显著高于Ｂ和Ｃ组,至第５ 天３组ＴＮＦ－α和ＮＯ虽均下降但Ａ组仍高于或明显高于Ｂ和Ｃ组,以后３ 组间无明显差异．     

鸡传染性法氏囊病地方流行毒株的分离与制苗种毒的筛选

从河北省昌黎县不同鸡场发生的法氏囊病鸡群中,分离到ＪＤ１,ＪＤ２,ＪＤ３,ＪＤ４,ＪＤ５共５株ＩＢＤ病毒毒株,通过初步分离与试验,并对其作了致病性、鸡胚适应性和免疫保护性等项试验。结果表明：所分离的５株均为ＩＢＤＶ,且可使易感鸡１００％发病,致死率在０～４０％。其中ＪＤ２和ＪＤ５可以在鸡胚中稳定增殖并使鸡胚规律性死亡。尽管通过鸡胚驯化,使分离的ＩＢ－ＤＶ毒力有所下降,但其灭活后免疫鸡,仍可使鸡对ＩＢＤ流行毒株的攻击达到８５％的保护率。ＪＤ２可作为ＩＢＤ囊组织抗原的种毒,也可作为ＩＢＤ鸡胚抗原的种毒。     

淋巴细胞性脉络丛胞膜炎病毒单克隆抗体的研制及初步鉴定

用提纯的ＬＣＭ病毒抗原（主要为ＮＰ６３）免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，应用鼠—鼠杂交瘤技术获得了三珠（１Ｅ２、１Ｃ６和２Ｄ２）分泌抗ＬＣＭＶ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系。经检测，它们所分泌的抗体亚类分别为ＩｇＧ１（１Ｅ２）和ＩｇＭ（１Ｃ６）。亲和力为７５μｇ（１Ｅ２）和５μｇ（１Ｃ６）。腹水效价为１０５。免疫荧光阻断法和ＥＬＩＳＡ阻断试验测定结果一致，１Ｅ２的标记物能阻断２Ｄ２，但不能阻断１Ｃ６。三株ＭｃＡｂ对７种鼠源性病毒抗原（ＲｅＯ３、Ｓｅｎｄａｉ、ＭＨＶ、ＧＤⅦ、ＥＨＦＰＶＭ和Ｅｃｔｒｏ）均无反应。     

鸭乙肝病毒表面抗原特异性单抗的研制及应用

以纯化的鸭乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＤＨＢｓＡｇ）免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤ＳＰ２／Ｏ－Ａｇ１４融合,应用ＥＬＩＳＡ筛选出５Ｂ８和８Ｇ１１ ２株抗体分泌滴度较高的杂交瘤细胞,二者所分泌的单抗仅与ＤＨＢｓＡｇ发生反应,而与其它９种禽类常见的病毒均不发生反应,其亚类鉴定分别属于ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ２ａ。用鸭乙型肝炎病毒（ＤＨＢＶ）阳性鸭血清中粗提的病毒悬液进行５Ｂ８株单抗介导的ＳＰＡ胶体金     

抑制羧肽酶A催化活性的单克隆抗体的制备及性质测定

以羧肽酶Ａ为抗原，经动物免疫、细胞融合、筛选及３次克隆化培养，获得了一株稳定分泌对羧肽酶Ａ肽酶活性有抑制作用的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株１Ｇ１０。染色体数目为８０～９０；ＥＬＩＳＡ测定腹水效价为１０６；亲和常数为１．５９×１０９（ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）－１；免疫球蛋白属ＩｇＧ１型；分子量为１５０Ｋｄ。羧肽酶Ａ与该抗体反应后测定肽酶活性，显示出该抗体能抑制羧肽酶Ａ的肽酶活性，Ｄｉｘｏｎ法作图表明类似竞争性抑制反应，测得其表观抑制常数为１．１７×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该抗体可能针对羧肽酶Ａ的活性中心部位，为制备具有抗原内影像作用的抗独特型抗体酶打下了基础     

免疫酶技术检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

以抗鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒（肾型ＩＢＶ）Ｔ株的鼠源免血清为一抗，辣根过氧化酶（ＨＲＰ）标记的羊抗鼠ＩｇＧ为二抗，建立了检测石蜡切片中肾型ＩＢＶ抗原的免疫酶组化技术，经过特异性试验和阻断性试验，表明该方法具有高度的敏感性和特异性，应用该法对人工感染肾型ＩＢＶＲＳ株的鸡气管和肾脏石蜡切片中的病毒抗原进行了检测，结果气管从感染后０．５～１１ｄ，肾脏从感染后１～２０ｄ均检测到病毒抗原，阳性染色体主要集中     

鸽禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗免疫效果观察

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ油佐剂灭活苗和ＮＤＶＬａｓｏｔａ 油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫肉种鸽,２０ ｄ 抗体水平达到峰值,在３ ．００ｌｏｇ２ 以上维持３０ ｄ 以上。４０ ｄ 后用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ和ＮＤＶＦ４８Ｅ９ 分别进行攻击,对于ＮＤＶＦ４８Ｅ９ 的攻击,保护率均为１００ ％ ,对于鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ的攻击,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ油佐剂灭活苗保护率为１００ ％ ,ＮＤＶＬａｓｏｔａ 油佐剂灭活苗保护率为６６．７ ％ 。田间试验,抽检４８ 份血样,抗体平均为４ ．３０ｌｏｇ２     

催化杀虫剂西维因水解的抗体酶制备(Ⅱ)多克隆催化抗体的制备、纯化及检测

以优选的合成抗原（Ｈ(ａｐ)－ＢＳＡ）免疫动物产生了滴度为１：５５０００（１号兔,Ｒｔ－１）的兔抗多克隆催化抗体．采用盐析和ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＡ－ＳｅｐｈａｘｏｓｅＣＬ４Ｂ亲和层析法,从兔抗血清中分离出了具有电泳纯度的多克隆催化抗体．经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测,ＩｇＧｓ相对分子质量为１４８０００．纯化后的多克隆抗体,经ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定,其最低检出活性为２×１０(－６)～４×１０(－６)ｇ／Ｌ．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-