两组纤维素分解菌复合系MC-A1和MC-N1的筛选及其协同功能初探

采用连续传代方法分别从自制堆肥和几种自然发酵基质中筛选出纤维素分解能力较强的两组混合菌复合系MC-A1和MC-N1,前者是通过高温摇瓶发酵定期传代获得的耐高温好氧性的纤维素分解菌群,后者则是通过高温静止培养定期传代获得的耐高温兼氧性的纤维素分解菌群,这两组纤维素分解菌复合系在96 h内对天然纤维素材料麦秆粉的分解率分别达到42%和38%,分解速度最快时期均发生在48~96 h内,96 h以后麦秆粉分解率迅速减缓。麦秆粉发酵培养液先接种好氧性纤维素分解菌复合系MC-A1摇瓶发酵96 h,再接种兼氧性纤维素分解菌复合系MC-N1静止培养96 h,麦秆粉的分解效率可以提高到47%,说明这两组纤维素分解菌复合系在非天然纤维素分解过程中发挥协同作用。     

接种对蔬菜废物高温好氧堆肥降解的影响

研究不同接种方法对蔬菜废物高温好氧降解的影响,探讨不同降解阶段的生物质降解情况.结果表明,接种率越高,越有利于蔬菜废物的降解;分段接种比茵悬液接种更有利于蔬菜废物中有机物的降解,尤其是对纤维素的降解;以生物质降解状况为依据的接种,在堆肥原料季节性变化的条件下,可优化微生物接种的效果.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌NJSZ-13菌株诱导马尾松抗松材线虫病研究

【目的】蜡样芽孢杆菌NJSZ-13是1株能杀死松材线虫的松树内生细菌,研究该菌株能否诱导马尾松抗松材线虫病,为进一步开发利用该菌株抗松材线虫病提供理论依据。【方法】通过对2年生马尾松苗根部施用NJSZ-13菌株菌悬液和灭活的菌悬液后4 d再接种松材线虫,以观察不同处理的病情发展。测定该菌诱导处理后4天内和接种松材线虫AMA3虫株后28天内马尾松体内防御相关酶活性的变化。【结果】接种松材线虫后42 d,菌悬液和灭活菌悬液处理诱导马尾松抗松材线虫病的效果达54%和33%,且发病时间延迟。接种NJSZ-13菌株后,马尾松体内丙二醛(MDA)含量减少,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,而过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均显著高于对照;接种松材线虫后,菌悬液和灭活菌悬液处理的马尾松这5种酶活性明显高于未接种菌株的马尾松苗。总体上,菌悬液处理比灭活菌悬液处理的马尾松防御相关酶活性变化显著。【结论】蜡样芽孢杆菌NJSZ-13菌株能诱导马尾松抗松材线虫病,并且菌悬液的诱抗效果最佳。     

亚麻脱胶菌的分离、筛选和鉴定

 从云南亚麻沤麻水、种植土、沤麻残渣堆积土中粗筛获得具有果胶酶活性的菌株51株;通过几种酶活性测定,获得果胶酶和木聚糖酶(主要的半纤维素酶)活性较高、无纤维素酶活力且脱胶周期短的目的菌株4株.基于4个菌株的果胶分解能力、沤麻周期长短以及沤麻的效果等指标,最终确认YN1.1是优良的亚麻脱胶菌株.经16S rRNA基因测序和生理生化鉴定,该株菌为芽胞杆菌属的地衣芽孢杆菌.     

加速垃圾脱水组合菌的筛选及接种堆酵初步研究

针对垃圾含水量较高对焚烧技术的制约问题,研究采用微生物接种加速垃圾脱水的方法.分别从腐熟矿化垃圾、白菜软腐组织、风干牛粪中分离筛选出4个实验菌株M1、CX1、GX1、RX1,实验菌株两两共存,两两接种发酵最佳组合比例分别为:M1∶GX1为1∶1,M1∶CX为2∶1,M1∶RX1为1∶1.将4株菌M1、GX1、RX1、CX1按照2∶2∶2∶1的比例接入具有明显的优势性,脱水效果高于单菌及两菌组合接种发酵实验组.采用正交实验对组合菌比例进行优化,得到M1、GX1、RX1、CX1比例为2.5∶2.5∶2.5∶1时垃圾减重比率最高.以最佳比例按照0.4%的接种量进行接种,可实现61.63%的较高垃圾脱水率,能够保证实际扩大应用的可行性.     

一组常温纤维素分解菌稳定复合系的创建及其功能

从自然降解、腐烂的天然纤维素材料中分离、筛选获得生长速度快、透明圈较大、性状稳定的纤维素单菌23株。经纤维素分解力测定、回筛,获得一组由14株高效稳定纤维素分解菌组成的常温纤维素分解菌稳定复合系。该复合系常温下96 h内对麦秆粉的总分解力高达40.7%。     

纤维素－刚果红培养基对土壤纤维分解菌的直接计数

介绍了一种新的鉴别培养基，含酸洗纤维素和染料刚果红．纤维分解菌能在其上产生一清晰可见的红色水解圈，明显区别于其它微生物类群．用该培养基可快速、准确检测样本中纤维分解菌的数目     

纤维素—刚果红培养基对土壤纤维分解菌的直接计数

介绍了一种新的鉴别培养基，含酸洗纤维素和染料刚果红。纤维分解菌能在其上产生一清晰可见的红色水解圈，明显区别于其它微生物类群。用该培养基可快速、准确检测样本中纤维分解菌的数目。     

筛选降解菌堆肥修复毒死蜱污染土壤

提出了一种对毒死蜱污染土壤的生物修复方法.该方法主要从土壤中筛选出一株适合接种到堆肥体系中的毒死蜱降解菌Y3,并采用4个堆制体系考察在接种与不接种菌株Y3的两种堆肥化条件下,土壤中残留的毒死蜱对堆肥进程的影响和毒死蜱的降解情况.结果表明不接种降解菌Y3的堆制B能够在40 d的堆制时间内达到腐熟,并且在堆制第32 d时使土壤中的毒死蜱被完全降解.接种降解菌Y3的堆制C能够更快消除堆肥中植物毒性,减少堆肥腐熟的时间,并且使毒死蜱被完全降解的时间缩短了12 d,接种筛选的降解菌Y3堆肥修复毒死蜱污染土壤的方法切实可行.     

从稻田土壤中快速筛选分离纤维素降解真菌

为了建立一种纤维素分解真菌的快速分离方法,将一种水不溶的,呈色基团与维晶纤维素交联的纤维素酶检测底物作为筛选指示剂,同时作为筛选培养基中的唯一碳源,通过测定培养液的OD值,快速从样品中分离筛选出纤维素分解菌。经酶活测定、形态学观察及16S r DNA基因序列分析及系统发育树分析结果表明,筛选出的3株真菌:J1为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium sp,J5为青霉菌Penicillium sp,J7为枝顶孢霉菌Acremonium sp,它们的纤维素分解全酶活(FPase)、内切酶活(EG)、外切酶活(CBH)分别是:J1,3.07μ/m L,6.28μ/m L,3.92μ/m L;J5,2.28μ/m L,5.38μ/m L,3.08μ/m L;J7,5.86μ/m L,6.10μ/m L,5.47μ/m L。本研究采用的纤维素分解菌的筛选方法较以往的平板降解圈法更准确,更快捷。菌株J7可作为出发菌株,具有深度开发的潜力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-