过渡金属离子改性TiO2薄膜上甲醛光催化降解作用研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了不同金属离子掺杂的TiO2光催化薄膜，考察了掺杂金属离子种类（Fe^3＋、Cd^2＋、Cr^3＋、Co^2＋等）及其掺杂量对TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲醛的影响。结果表明，在日光灯和紫外灯照射下，各种溶胶体系所制备的催化荆均具有一定的甲醛降解活性，其中以添加乙酰丙酮缓释剂的溶胶体系所制备的催化剂活性较好。在掺杂的各种过渡金属离子中，掺杂Cd^2＋1．5wt％的TiO2薄膜催化剂表现出最好的甲醛光催化降解性能。XRD研究表明催化剂中的TiO2主要为锐钛矿型，掺杂Cd^2＋1．5wt％的样品的DR UV-VisiO2在430nm和600nm处出现宽的吸收峰，与该催化剂在日光灯照射下具有相对高的甲醛降解活性结果相吻合。     

金属离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能影响分析

TiO2光催化剂可有效去除水中有机污染物。本文采用溶胶—凝胶法(Sol—gel)制备了掺杂不同含量金属离子的复合型TiO2光催化剂，光催化降解甲基橙溶液实验结果表明：掺杂Cr^3 的TiO2光催化活性明显高于单一TiO2和其他几种掺杂催化剂的光催化活性；当Cr^3 的掺入比例约为1．0％时，其光催化活性最高，紫外光照4h甲基橙的降解率达到90％以上，可见光照射6h甲基橙的降解率达85％以上。可望将掺杂金属离子的纳米TiO2作为一种有效的光催化剂，广泛应用于被污染水体的净化处理。     

加水量对溶胶-凝胶制备TiO2膜相转变和性能的影响

加水量是溶胶-凝胶制备TiO2膜的重要参数．笔者以乙酰丙酮为螯合剂，配制不同加水量的溶胶r=2，3，4，6，8[r为n（H2O）／n（钛酸丁酯）]，分别制备了TiO2膜和粉体，以考察加水量对TiO2膜性能的影响．干凝胶的TGA表明，r=6比r=2较易脱除有机物和水分．利用XRD对其进行表征．结果表明：r=6的样品比r=2的由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变温度要高出560℃左右．光催化脱除甲醛实验结果表明，r=6的溶胶制备TiO2薄膜（镀膜6次）的光催化活性最好，光照2h甲醛的降解率达80％．     

TiO2纳米膜光催化降解有机污染物的研究

用溶胶-凝胶方法制备TiO2纳米膜，探讨了金属离子铁离子和贵金属Ag、Pt掺杂对TiO2纳米膜光催化降解性能的影响。研究了TiO2纳米膜及掺杂改性的TiO2纳米膜对水杨酸的降解作用，同时还尝试光催化去除过滤后的生物二级处理系统出水中的有机物。实验结果表明TiO2纳米膜有优良的光催化降解性能。     

掺杂钇的纳米TiO2的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯和硝酸钇为主要原料,采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了掺杂钇的纳米TiO2（Y—TiO2）．用XRD、TEM等方法对其进行了表征,晶型为锐钛矿,粒径范围12～25nm,以罗丹明B（RhB）为目标降解物,考察催化剂的光催化活性。结果显示,当Y^3＋的掺杂摩尔分数为0．5％,催化剂质量浓度为0．2g／L,紫外光照80min时,RhB的降解率可达98．2％,较纯TiO2光催化活性提高了160％。     

掺杂钇的纳米TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯和硝酸钇为主要原料,采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了掺杂钇的纳米TiO2（Y—TiO2）．用XRD、TEM等方法对其进行了表征,晶型为锐钛矿,粒径范围12～25nm,以罗丹明B（RhB）为目标降解物,考察催化剂的光催化活性。结果显示,当Y^3＋的掺杂摩尔分数为0．5％,催化剂质量浓度为0．2g／L,紫外光照80min时,RhB的降解率可达98．2％,较纯TiO2光催化活性提高了160％。     

ACF担载TiO_2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法（sol-gel）在活性炭纤维（ACF）表面制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化材料,利用XRD和SEM对薄膜进行了表征。使用该负载型纳米TiO2光催化材料处理室内空气中的甲醛污染物,分别研究了TiO2涂膜次数、甲醛初始浓度、相对湿度、温度以及光源等因素对甲醛降解效率的影响。实验结果表明,所制得的TiO2为锐钛矿型,平均粒径为20nm左右,TiO2涂膜次数为3层时甲醛降解效率最高;甲醛初始浓度越高降解效率越低,甲醛降解效率随温度升高而增大,相对湿度为48%时甲醛降解效率最高;一定波长（λ〈387nm）的紫外光照射是使用TiO2光催薄膜降解甲醛的必要条件。     

自然光下Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Fe^3＋掺杂量（ω0．00％～3．00％）的纳米TiO。光催化剂，利用TEM，XRD，UV—Vis等技术对其形貌和结构进行了表征．以亚甲基蓝（MB）的脱色降解为模型，研究了在自然先条件下Fe^3＋掺杂量对其光催化活性的影响．结果表明．在所研究的掺杂范围内，该纳米粒子的粒径随Fe^3＋掺杂量的增加呈减小趋势；Fe^3＋的掺入不仅可以控制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变，而且可以使该纳米微粒对光的吸收向可见区拓展；Fe^3＋的适量掺入．可以显著提高纳米TiO2在自然先条件下的催化活性．     

混晶结构纳米TiO2薄膜制备及其光催化降解甲醛

以Ti（OBu）。为前驱体,采用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢丝网表面上制备TiO2光催化薄膜,并用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和热重一差热分析（TG-DTA）法对其进行表征．结果表明,所得TiO2光催化薄膜为锐钛金红石混晶结构,平均粒径为20～30nm．室温下利用甲醛为模拟污染物,考察了该薄膜的光催化活性．实验表明：混晶TiO2光催化薄膜对甲醛有较好的去除效果,甲醛光催化降解反应符合一级反应速率方程．     

氮掺杂TiO2改性涂料的制备及其对甲醛光催化降解性能研究

以Ti（SO4）2为原料,采用氨水水解法制备氮掺杂二氧化钛前驱体,煅烧得到氮掺杂二氧化钛纳米粉体,作为功能活性组分．利用FT-IR红外光谱和激光粒度等方法对所制备的活性组分进行表征．将功能活性组分分散到水性乳胶涂料体系中,通过高速搅拌使其均匀分散,制得改性乳胶涂料．以30w日光灯管为光源,用甲醛降解反应考察了复合乳胶涂料的光催化活性．结果表明,复合了该活性组分的乳胶涂料具有优良的光催化净化空气的性能．N掺杂量对其光催化活性有较大的影响,当氮的掺杂量为0．7wt％,七天后光催化甲醛降解率达到最高92％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.